Didi Dwi Anggoro

Optimization of methane conversion to liquid fuels over W-Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts by response surface methodology

The conversion of methane to liquid fuels is still in the development process. The modified HZSM-5 by loading with Tungsten (W) enhanced its heat resistant performance, and the high reaction temperature (800 ◦ C) did not lead to the loss of W component by sublimation. The loading of ZSM-5 with Tungsten and Copper (Cu) resulted in an increment in the methane conversion, CO2 ,a nd C5+ selectivities. The high methane conversion and C5+ selectivity, and low H2O selectivity are obtained by using W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5. The optimization of methane conversion over 3.0 W/3.0Cu/ZSM-5 under different temperature and oxygen concentration using response surface methodology (RSM) are studied. The optimum point for methane conversion is 19% when temperature is 753 ◦ C, and oxygen concentration is 12%. The highest C5+ selectivity is 27% when temperature is 751 ◦ C, and oxygen concentration is 11%.

Methane to Liquid Hydrocarbons over Tungsten-ZSM-5 and Tungsten Loaded Cu/ZSM-5 Catalysts

Abstract Metal containing ZSM-5 can produce higher hydrocarbons in methane oxidation. Many researchers have studied the applicability of HZSM-5 and modify ZSM-5 for methane conversion to liquid hydrocarbons, but their research results still lead to low conversion, low selectivity and low heat resistance. The modified HZSM-5, by loading with tungsten (W), could enhance its heat resistant performance, and the high reaction temperature (800 °C) did not lead to a loss of the W component by sublimation. The loading of HZSM-5 with tungsten and copper (Cu) resulted in an increment in the methane conversion as well as CO2 and C5+ selectivities. In contrast, CO, C2–3 and H2O selectivities were reduced. The process of converting methane to liquid hydrocarbons (C5+) was dependent on the metal surface area and the acidity of the zeolite. High methane conversion and C5+ selectivity, and low H2O selectivity are obtained over W/3.0Cu/HZSM.

Synthesis of Ca/MgO catalyst using sol gel method for monoglycerides production

This paper discusses Ca-doped MgO catalysts using Sol-Gel method. The doping of Ca is expected to increase the basicity of the catalyst. The basicity of catalyst has effect on the monoglycerides production by glycerolysis reaction. The Ca/MgO catalyst was prepared by sol gel method by using solution as a precursor. This method was expected to produce a more homogeneous mixture of Mg and Ca. The catalyst was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the basicity was analyzed using Hammett titration method. The monoglycerides yield was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Based on Hammett’s titration method, the basicity value was calculated in which the largest value was obtained by the dopant concentration of 2% Ca and calcination temperature of 800°C. The 2% Ca/MgO catalyst that has the highest basicity value was tested for the production of monoglycerides through glycerolysis reaction. This reaction carried on the conditions of 200°C, the catalyst amount of 0.1% weight of oil, the ratio of glycerol : oil = 3 : 1, reaction time of 3 hours, and stirring speed of 700 rpm. The composition of monoglyceride on oil phase product was 100%, while without catalysts composition was 7.43%.This paper discusses Ca-doped MgO catalysts using Sol-Gel method. The doping of Ca is expected to increase the basicity of the catalyst. The basicity of catalyst has effect on the monoglycerides production by glycerolysis reaction. The Ca/MgO catalyst was prepared by sol gel method by using solution as a precursor. This method was expected to produce a more homogeneous mixture of Mg and Ca. The catalyst was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the basicity was analyzed using Hammett titration method. The monoglycerides yield was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Based on Hammett’s titration method, the basicity value was calculated in which the largest value was obtained by the dopant concentration of 2% Ca and calcination temperature of 800°C. The 2% Ca/MgO catalyst that has the highest basicity value was tested for the production of monoglycerides through glycerolysis reaction. This reaction carried on the conditions of 200°C, the catalyst amount of 0.1% weight of o...

Synthesis of glycerol mono-laurate from lauric acid and glycerol for food antibacterial additive

Synthesis of glycerol mono-laurate (GML) has been performed using esterification reaction of glycerol and lauric acid. The reaction was performed at the condition of temperature of 120–140 °C within 7 hour, variation of molar ratio of glycerol - lauric acid, and was using heterogeneous catalyst of zeolist Y. Without catalyst dealumination the maximum acid conversion was 78%, with GML contained in the sample was 38.6%, and it was obtained at the reaction condition of 140 oC, 15wt% catalyst, and 8:1 molar ratio of glycerol - lauric acid. At the same condition, using dealuminated catalyst, the maximum acid conversion was increased up to 98%, with GML contained in the sample was 50.4%. The GML antibacterial activity was examined. It was observed that the GML has antibacterial activity against gram positive bacterial such as B. cereus and S. aureus.