Dietrich Oberwittler
Max Planck Society
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Featured researches published by Dietrich Oberwittler.
European Journal of Criminology | 2004
Dietrich Oberwittler
The extent and nature of contextual effects on juvenile offending are frequent subjects of current research, mainly in the USA. After a short literature review, this paper presents empirical results of a new study which hints at the existence of neighbourhood contextual effects on serious offending by adolescents. The study is based on three types of cross-sectional data on 61 neighbourhoods in two German cities and a rural area: a self-report survey of students aged about 13 to 16, a separate survey of residents in the survey neighbourhoods, and census and administrative data on the same neighbourhoods. Multilevel analysis is applied to identify and explain the neighbourhood-level variance of selfreported serious juvenile offending. Hypotheses from both main traditions of theoretical reasoning about contextual effects on juvenile delinquency - subcultural and disorganization theories - are supported by the empirical findings. The spatial concentration of adolescents with attitudes typical of delinquent subcultures increases the likelihood of serious offending net of relevant individual predictors, whereas the social capital of neighbourhoods (as measured by the independent survey of residents) reduces it. Methodological problems of applying multilevel analysis to delinquency research are discussed.
Archive | 2009
Dietrich Oberwittler; Per-Olof H. Wikström
In this chapter we argue, both from a theoretical (Situational Action Theory) and methodological(homogeneity of environmental conditions) point of view, that smallenvironmental units are preferable to large in the study of environmentaleffects on crime.
Archive | 2004
Dietrich Oberwittler; Susanne Karstedt
Mit Beitragen von Henner Hess, Sebastian Scheerer, David Garland, Steve Messner, John Hagan, Bill McCarthy, Oliver Morgenroth, Klaus Boehnke, Lydia Seus, Gerald Prein, Shadd Maruna, Stephen Farrall, John Braithwaite, Eva Schmitt-Rodermund, Rainer K. Silbereisen, Dirk Enzmann, Karin Brettfeld, Peter Wetzels, Alexander Vazsonyi, Christian Seipel, Stefanie Eifler, Willem de Haan, Letizia Paoli, Klaus Boers, Hans Theile, Kari-Maria Karliczek, Tim Hope, Susanne Karstedt und Dietrich Oberwittler.
European Journal of Criminology | 2005
Dietrich Oberwittler; Sven Höfer
The article reports trends in crime and criminal justice and reviews publications in key areas of criminology in Germany. Criminal statistics show divergent trends in recent years, with rising drug and violent offences and stable or falling property offences. Statistics on sanction practices show a long-term trend towards informal and community sanctions despite some increase in prison sentences in recent years. German reunification and a subsequent increase in immigration have put some strain on the criminal justice system. On the whole, however, neither penal practice nor popular attitudes as measured by periodic surveys support the notion of a ‘punitive turn’ in Germany. Stability and a certain inertia prevail in German crime policies. Criminology has not grown into an independent academic discipline but is an interdisciplinary research field to which law, psychology, sociology and other disciplines contribute. There is still a noticeable rift in German criminology between ‘mainstream’ and ‘critical’ approaches, contributing to a rather incoherent research landscape. Recent research has particularly focused on youth crime and violence, especially xenophobic violence, on ethnic minorities, and on organized crime. The review concludes with proposals for strengthening criminological research in Germany.
Archive | 2012
Marieke C. A. Liem; Dietrich Oberwittler
A small fraction of all homicides are followed by the immediate suicide of the perpetrator (HS hereafter), sometimes including multiple victims. The co-occurrence of two divergent forms of lethal violence, one directed against other persons, one against the self, has puzzled scholars for a long time, since there is a tradition to regard homicide and suicide as antagonistic expressions of human aggression. One of the core questions about HS therefore is how this peculiar type of violence relates to characteristics of either homicide or suicide events, and whether it constitutes a distinct type of lethal violence discernable from other forms of homicides.
Archive | 2008
Dietrich Oberwittler
In der Forschung zu den raumlichen Dimensionen sozialer Probleme hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt eine bemerkenswerte Interessenverlagerung von den Entstehungskontexten sozialer Probleme hin zu den Wahrnehmungen sozialer Probleme und insbesondere zu den Wahrnehmungen von (Un)Sicherheit vollzogen. Teilweise folgt dieser Forschungstrend einem gleichgerichteten Trend in der Kriminalpolitik, bei dem die Herstellung eines Sicherheits-gefuhls der Bevolkerung als eigenstandiges Ziel neben die Herstellung von Sicherheit selbst getreten ist. Dies hangt wiederum masgeblich mit der ‚Entdeckung’ der Opferperspektive im offentlichen Diskurs und in der Forschung uber Kriminalitat zusammen. Teilweise erwachst das Interesse an subjektiven (Un)Sicherheitswahrnehmungen jedoch auch aus Weiterentwicklungen von Erklarungsansatzen von Kriminalitat, in denen Kriminalitatsfurcht und ahnliche Konstrukte als Mosaiksteine in komplexen Kausalmodellen der Herstellung von Sicherheit und Kontrolle von Abweichung auf der lokalen Ebene dienen (Bursik 1999; Sampson et al. 1997). Man kann vermuten, dass Gunter Albrecht diese letztgenannte Verbindung starker am Herzen liegt als die ‚reine’ Opferperspektive, hat er sich doch in im Laufe seiner wissenschaftlichen Karriere immer wieder mit sozialgeographischen und sozialokologischen Fragestellungen vor allem der Kriminalitatsursachen befasst (Albrecht 1972, Albrecht 1982a, Albrecht 1982b, Albrecht 2002; Ostendorf et al. 1983) und unter anderem eine kondensierte Zusammenfassung des Forschungsstandes der Kriminalgeographie (Albrecht 1993) geschrieben.
Policing & Society | 2018
Jacques de Maillard; Daniela Hunold; Sebastian Roché; Dietrich Oberwittler
ABSTRACT By analysing French and German police stop and search on the streets based on embedded observations in police patrols and findings of a large school survey, this article comparatively questions their determinants. Control practices diverge in their frequency: the German police officers control less proactively than their French counterparts. The targets of controls also differ: a concentration on visible minorities is much more pervasive among the French police officers. These divergences may be explained by contrasted professional orientations, especially the importance given to the crime control agenda, and state/society relations.
Archive | 2014
Dietrich Oberwittler; Dominik Gerstner
In der empirischen Erforschung der Ursachen von Delinquenz setzt sich zunehmend die Auffassung durch, dass unterschiedliche Einflussfaktoren nicht additiv, sondern multiplikativ auf die Neigung zu abweichendem Verhalten wirken. Dadurch wird der Allgemeingultigkeitsanspruch von Theorieansatzen, nach denen es nur eine masgebliche Ursache von Delinquenz gibt,in Frage gestellt.
Soziale Welt-zeitschrift Fur Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung Und Praxis | 2012
Helmut Hirtenlehner; Johann Bacher; Dietrich Oberwittler; Dina Hummelsheim
In recent literature state action strategies and collective sensibilities condense to complex regimes of dealing with deviance and marginality. Thereby, national practices of handling social difference combine with public sentiments and mentalities to form coherent cultures of social control. In this article we investigate whether homogeneous cultures of control can be observed in a sample of European countries. Cluster analysis identifies three distinct regimes of governing social marginality: (1) an inclusive regime wherein generous welfare provision and little incarceration merge with low levels of fear of crime and public punitiveness, against the backdrop of considerable trust in public institutions; (2) an exclusionary regime of modest welfare benefits and high imprisonment rates, wherein fear of crime, punitive attitudes and low confidence in governmental institutions are widespread; and (3) a hybrid regime in which inclusive and exclusionary elements form a fragile alliance. The inclusive regime can be found mainly in Scandinavia, the exclusionary regime is implemented particularly in Eastern Europe.
Archive | 2010
Dietrich Oberwittler; Tim Lukas
Das Begriffspaar „Kriminalitat und Ungleichheit“ bildet einen klassischen Zugang zu der soziologischen Analyse von Verbrechen und Strafe mit einer sehr langen Geschichte und andauernden Brisanz (Hagan/Peterson 1995; Karstedt 1996; Ludwig-Mayerhofer 2000; Scherr 2010). Eine wichtige Dimension dieser Verbindung betrifft die Annahme, dass Tatverdachtige im Strafrechtssystem aufgrund ihrer Schichtzugehorigkeit oder ihrer ethnischen Herkunft ungleich und damit diskriminierend behandelt werden. In den 1960er und 1970er Jahren wurde diese Fragestellung der Selektivitat und Diskriminierung der strafrechtlichen Sozialkontrolle erstmals in den Vordergrund der Kriminalsoziologie geruckt. Ging es dabei zunachst fast ausschlieslich um die soziale Schichtzugehorigkeit als Diskriminierungsmerkmal, so wandelte sich die Perspektive in dem Mase, in dem die deutsche Gesellschaft durch die Immigration von „Gastarbeitern“ und anderen allochthonen Bevolkerungsgruppen zu einem Einwanderungsland wurde, hin zu der heute vorherrschenden Frage nach Diskriminierungen aufgrund ethnischer Zuschreibungen.