Dimitris G. Christakis

A Power-Quality Measure

A power-quality (PQ) measure is introduced in this paper. The proposed measure, based on the Shannons entropy, expresses the deviation of the examined voltage cycle from the ideal one. Two entropy concepts are introduced - the spectral and the probabilistic entropy. The two entropies, calculated for every voltage cycle, are properly combined to provide the PQ measure. The PQ measure is represented graphically on a 2-D Cartesian coordinate system. The PQ measure is calculated for the most common PQ disturbances. The graphical representation of the calculated PQ measurements leads to the definition of an area of acceptable PQ on the PQ measure 2-D diagram. The PQ of a power system may be evaluated by the proposed measure, by implementing voltage measurements during predetermined time periods in selected network nodes. The produced electricity price may be configured in terms of the measured PQ.

Wind Parks Design, Including Representative Case Studies

Abstract In this chapter the basic principles regarding the design of a wind park are presented. A wind park’s design procedure includes the selection of the appropriate site, the wind potential evaluation, the optimum wind turbines’ micro-siting, the evaluation of possible environmental impacts from the construction or the operation of the wind park, the calculation of the annual electricity production, the connection to the utility network and the integration of the wind park to the electricity system, and finally, the investment’s economic analysis. All the above issues are thoroughly presented in this chapter, with analyses of the several parameters involved in the accomplishment of each one. The chapter is integrated with the presentation of the design for two wind parks, in order to provide the reader with indicative examples of the full procedure.