Dina Simunic

Wireless ECG monitoring system

The objective of the work was to make a simple wireless one channel limited (3-lead) home electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission system for home and ambulance use. The wireless ECG monitoring system significantly improves the quality of life of the cardiac patients, reflected primarily in the permanent monitoring. In case of an accident, an immediate alarm is being transmitted to the physician. A long-term monitoring facilitates the capturing of sporadic events and therefore is an important contribution for the improvement of the therapy and, consequently, for the health of the patients. The task has been accomplished by Bluetooth technology, ECG detector and personal computer as monitor.

Comparison of AODV and DSR on-demand routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks

The mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) technology is a self organized wireless interconnection of communication devices without the use of any fixed network infrastructure/backbone. The performance of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol are two MANET protocol. This paper presents the performance analysis comparison of adhoc on-demand routing protocol (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) under different performance metrics like throughput, packet drop rate and end-to-end delay. The simulation result shows that throughput of AODV protocol is better than DSR protocol as the nodes are increasing/adding to network. Packet drop rate and end-to-end delay of AODV protocol is less than DSR protocol as the nodes are increasing. Efficiency achieved by the AODV protocol is higher than DSR protocol in mobile ad hoc networks. The simulation is done in Network Simulator (NS) 2.

A solution for performance improvements of OFDM-CDMA system with pilot tone

In this paper, MIMO OFDM–CDMA downlink scheme is proposed as a solution for improving performance of the OFDM–CDMA downlink system with pilot tone and threshold detection combining (optimum TDC). The new presented system with MIMO included uses space–time block coding applied to two, three and four transmit antennas and it has an arbitrary number of receive antennas. Bit error rate performance in the case of Ricean frequency selective fading is evaluated for the original system as well as for the one with MIMO included. For that reason an adequate simulation model is developed. The results show that the proposed system significantly outperforms the OFDM–CDMA downlink system with pilot tone and optimum TDC.

Effects of malicious attacks in mobile ad-hoc networks

The mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are an emerging research area with applications. It has features like working as a router, dynamic topology and autonomous. In MANET, nodes have limited resources like battery power, storage space and bandwidth. There is a need to do more research for Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in MANET as compared to wire line DoS attacks. MANET is vulnerable to different types of DoS attack in which packets are drop. Black hole attack, packet drop attack and gray hole attack are an event that eliminates a networks capacity to perform its expected function. These attacks are type of DoS attack which we examine in this paper. This paper shows the effects of black hole attack, packet drop attack and gray hole attack on AODV protocol under different performance metrics throughput, packet drop rate and end-to-end delay. The simulation is done in Network Simulator (NS) 2.

A Mechanism for Gray Hole Attack Detection in Mobile Ad–hoc Networks

mobile ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. MANET has features like self organizing, working as router as well as host having dynamic topology. In MANET, nodes have limited resources like bandwidth, battery power and storage capacity. Gray hole attack is a kind of denial of service (DoS) attack in mobile ad hoc networks. It is specialized type of black hole attack which changes its state from honest to malicious and vice versa. Gray hole attack is an event that degrades the overall networks performance by intentional malicious activity. In this paper, it is proposed the mechanism against gray hole attack and improves the network performance interms of throughput, packet drop rate, packet delivery ratio and normalized routing overhead.

Simulation of interference between Bluetooth and 802.11b systems

WLAN and Bluetooth both operate in the 2.4 GHz band and are seen as sharing the same environment. Due to their similar purposes, an interference issue has to be taken into account when planning collocation for these systems. SEAMCAT (spectrum engineering advanced Monte Carlo analysis tool) is the software implementation of a Monte Carlo radio simulation methodology. This paper gives an insight on previous work done on simulating interference, a description of used software and results of simulation of interference between Bluetooth and WLAN systems. Results show that interference almost certainly occur and therefore certain techniques for avoiding the interference was applied.

Cluster based cooperative sensing:-A survey

The complexity of wireless system requires a careful design, especially related to bandwidth and energy efficiency. The energy efficiency is getting more and more on importance, due to increasing penetration of various wireless systems in different battery-oriented applications, as well as due to the more conscious global view on the need for “greening the Earth”. Bandwidth efficiency is very important parameter, because it relates to frequency spectrum, which is naturally limited resource. The cognitive radio has been proposed as the future technology to meet the ever increasing demand of the radio spectrum by allocating the spectrum dynamically to allow unlicensed access on non-interfering basis. Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to combat the multipath fading, shadowing and receiver uncertainty problem improving the detection performance by exploiting spatial diversity but at the cost of increase in cooperation overhead such as extra sensing time, delay, energy and operations devoted to cooperative sensing. Cluster based cooperative sensing can improve the performance and reduce the computational cost. In recent years, many methods of cooperative spectrum sensing have been proposed based on the clustering technique. In this paper, we provide an extensive review of cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing.

Transdisciplinarity of Smart Health Care: Transmedical E-volution

The paper discusses various aspects of modern health care transdisciplinarity, comprising of three important scientific domains: biomedicine and molecular biosciences, social sciences and information and communications technologies. The transdisciplinarity gives support not only to inclusion policy of European Commission, but also to increased efficiency and quality of the health care for everyone in the system. Some of available SHC wireless technologies, as well as possible applications, are discussed in the paper.

Occupational Exposure to Base Stations—Compliance With EU Directive 2004/40/EC

The rapid growth of mobile communications has not only led to a rising number of mobile telephones. It has also made base stations essential for services widespread on many roofs. However, not everyone is aware that working close to sources of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as transmitter antennas for mobile phones, pagers and police, fire and other emergency services, can result in high EMF exposure. This paper deals with measurements and calculations of the compliance boundary for workers in one typical roof top base station setting according to EU Directive and other relevant EN standards.

Experimental dosimetry in a sphere of simulated brain tissue near a half-wave dipole antenna

An experiment intended to provide a precise estimation of the electromagnetic energy deposition in a sphere of simulated brain tissue placed in close proximity of a half-wave dipole antenna, has been carried out to support the IEEE SCC-34, SC-2 efforts to determine the accuracy of computational techniques versus experiments in predicting the human exposure to cellular phones. The experimental set-up features a canonical configuration where a spherical phantom is filled up with a mixture whose dielectric permittivity and conductivity simulate those of the brain tissues. A robotized system is employed to perform an accurate mapping of the SAR (specific absorption rate) inside the mixture.