Dingli Yu

Selecting radial basis function network centers with recursive orthogonal least squares training

Recursive orthogonal least squares (ROLS) is a numerically robust method for solving for the output layer weights of a radial basis function (RBF) network, and requires less computer memory than the batch alternative. In this paper, the use of ROLS is extended to selecting the centers of an RBF network. It is shown that the information available in an ROLS algorithm after network training can be used to sequentially select centers to minimize the network output error. This provides efficient methods for network reduction to achieve smaller architectures with acceptable accuracy and without retraining. Two selection methods are developed, forward and backward. The methods are illustrated in applications of RBF networks to modeling a nonlinear time series and a real multiinput-multioutput chemical process. The final network models obtained achieve acceptable accuracy with significant reductions in the number of required centers.

Adaptive neural network model based predictive control for air-fuel ratio of SI engines

The dynamics of air manifold and fuel injection of the spark ignition engines are severely nonlinear. This is reflected in nonlinearities of the model parameters in different regions of the operating space. Control of the engines has been investigated using observer-based methods or sliding-mode methods. In this paper, the model predictive control (MPC) based on a neural network model is attempted for air-fuel ratio, in which the model is adapted on-line to cope with nonlinear dynamics and parameter uncertainties. A radial basis function (RBF) network is employed and the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is used for weight updating. Based on the adaptive model, a MPC strategy for controlling air-fuel ratio is realised to a nonlinear simulation of the engines, and its control performance is compared with that of a conventional PI controller. A reduced Hessian method, a new developed sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) problems, is implemented to speed up the nonlinear optimisation in MPC.

Implementation of neural network predictive control to a multivariable chemical reactor

Abstract Implementation of a neural network model-based predictive control scheme to a laboratory-scaled multivariable chemical reactor is described in this paper. Three variables are controlled in the reactor—temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The reactor exhibits common features of industrial systems including non-linear dynamics, coupling effects among variables and is without a mathematical model. Multi-input, single-output sub-system models are developed using neural networks and combined to form a parallel process model for simulation and on-line prediction. The process modelling, model-based control simulation, implementation of the on-line control and performance evaluations are investigated and reported in detail in the paper.

Sensor fault diagnosis in a chemical process via RBF neural networks

Abstract Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are investigated here for process fault diagnosis. The use of the output prediction error, between a neural network model and a non-linear dynamic process, as a residual for diagnosing actuator, component and sensor faults is analysed. It is found that this residual for a dependent neural model is less sensitive to sensor faults than actuator or component faults. This is confirmed in experiments for a real, multivariable chemical reactor. A scheme is then developed utilising a semi-independent neural model to generate enhanced residuals for diagnosing the sensor faults in the reactor. A second neural-network classifier is developed to diagnose the sensor faults from the residuals generated, and results are presented to demonstrate the satisfactory detection and isolation of sensor faults achieved using this approach.

A bilinear fault detection observer

A bilinear fault detection observer is proposed for a bilinear system with unknown inputs. The residual vector in the design of the observer is decoupled from the unknown inputs and, under certain conditions, is made sensitive to all the faults. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of the observer and results are given for the explicit calculation of the observer design matrices. An application to a hydraulic drive system is given.

A Recursive Orthogonal Least Squares Algorithm for Training RBF Networks

A recursive orthogonal least squares (ROLS) algorithm for multi-input, multi-output systems is developed in this paper and is applied to updating the weighting matrix of a radial basis function network. An illustrative example is given, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for eliminating the effects of ill-conditioning in the training data, in an application of neural modelling of a multi-variable chemical process. Comparisons with results from using standard least squares algorithms, in batch and recursive form, show that the ROLS algorithm can significantly improve the neural modelling accuracy. The ROLS algorithm can also be applied to a large data set with much lower requirements on computer memory than the batch OLS algorithm.

Neural network model-based automotive engine air/fuel ratio control and robustness evaluation

Automotive engines are multivariable system with severe non-linear dynamics, and their modelling and control are challenging tasks for control engineers. Current control of engine used look-up table combined with proportional and integral (PI) control and is not robust to system uncertainty and time varying effects. In this paper the model predictive control strategy is applied to engine air/fuel ratio control using neural network model. The neural network model uses information from multivariables and considers engine dynamics to do multi-step ahead prediction. The model is adapted in on-line mode to cope with system uncertainty and time varying effects. Thus, the control performance is more accurate and robust compared with non-adaptive model based methods. To speed up algorithm calculation, different optimisation algorithms are investigated and performance compared. Finally, the developed method is evaluated on a well-known engine benchmark, a simulated mean value engine model (MVEM). The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.

A bilinear fault detection observer and its application to a hydraulic drive system

A bilinear fault detection observer is proposed for bilinear systems with unknown input. A sufficient condition for the existence of the observer is given. The residual generated by this observer is decoupled from the unknown input. The method is applied to a hydraulic test rig to detect and isolate a large group of simulated faults. The effectiveness of the method in fault detection and isolation for the hydraulic system is demonstrated by real data simulation.

Fault tolerant control of multivariable processes using auto-tuning PID controller

Fault tolerant control of dynamic processes is investigated in this paper using an auto-tuning PID controller. A fault tolerant control scheme is proposed composing an auto-tuning PID controller based on an adaptive neural network model. The model is trained online using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to learn system post-fault dynamics. Based on this model, the PID controller adjusts its parameters to compensate the effects of the faults, so that the control performance is recovered from degradation. The auto-tuning algorithm for the PID controller is derived with the Lyapunov method and therefore, the model predicted tracking error is guaranteed to converge asymptotically. The method is applied to a simulated two-input two-output continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with various faults, which demonstrate the applicability of the developed scheme to industrial processes.

Adaptive RBF network for parameter estimation and stable air-fuel ratio control

In the application of variable structure control to engine air-fuel ratio, the ratio is subjected to chattering due to system uncertainty, such as unknown parameters or time varying dynamics. This paper proposes an adaptive neural network method to estimate two immeasurable physical parameters on-line and to compensate for the model uncertainty and engine time varying dynamics, so that the chattering is substantially reduced and the air-fuel ratio is regulated within the desired range of the stoichiometric value. The adaptive law of the neural network is derived using the Lyapunov method, so that the stability of the whole system and the convergence of the networks are guaranteed. Computer simulations based on a mean value engine model demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.