Diogo da Silva Moura

Plantas indicadoras de clomazone na fase vapor

Volatilization represents an important transport process of pesticides for the environment. The clomazone physico-chemical properties indicate that molecule has the potential of volatilization. Therefore, for this study two experiments were carried with the objective of evaluating the species susceptibility: cucumber, melon, corn, sorghum and rice to different formulations of the herbicide clomazone in the vapor-phase. Glass boxes were used with the presence of clomazone formulations and plant species. The formulations used were Gamit 360 CS®, Gamit 500 EC® and Gamit Star®. As a main result it was conclude that among the species that were tested, independent of the formulation used, the lowest tolerance to clomazone herbicide in the vapor phase was sorghum, followed by corn and rice.

MULTIPLE RESISTANCE OF Sagittaria montevidensis BIOTYPES TO ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE AND PHOTOSYSTEM II INHIBITING HERBICIDES

The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurance of multiple resistance of Sagittaria montevidensis (SAGMO) biotypes to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicides through dose-response experiments. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse from October 2012 to March 2013, in Pelotas, RS. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a triple factorial design: two biotypes of S. montevidensis(SAGMO 35 - susceptible to herbicides and SAGMO 32 - suspected to be multiple resistance to ALS and PSII inhibiting herbicides), four herbicides (penoxsulam, (imazethapyr+imazapic), bentazon and saflufenacil) and 8 rates of these herbicides (1/32x, 1/16x, 1/8x, 1/4x, 1/2x, 0x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x and 64x). SAGMO 32 biotype presented high levels of resistance to penoxsulam, (imazethapyr+imazapic) and bentazon. For a 50% reduction in dry matter of the resistant biotype rate of 138 and 2.46 times higher than the label required for the susceptible biotype of the herbicides (imazethapyr+imazapic) and bentazon, respectively, are required. Saflufenacil may be used successfully to controlSagittaria montevidensis resistant in irrigated rice.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE CAPIM-ARROZ SUBMETIDAS A CONDIÇÕES DE LUZ E TEMPERATURA

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of temperature and light on germination of barnyardgrass in different periods of seed storage after dispersal. The research was divided into two studies: in the first it was evaluated the effect of three temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) and two light conditions (presence and absence), on germination percentage, hypocotyl length and radicle length; and, in the second, it was evaluated the effect of three temperatures (15, 25 and 35 oC) on the germination speed index and germination speed. The seeds were collected in the field shortly after the start of natural seed dispersal. The studies were performed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 days after seed harvest. At 30 days after seed harvest, there was no germination regardless of light conditions and temperature. At 60 days after seed harvest, the seeds germinated both in the presence and absence of light. The absence of light increased hypocotyl length, regardless of temperature. Under 15 oC temperature condition and absence of light, the seeds showed higher radicle length. The increase in temperature caused an increase on the germination speed index and germination speed of the seeds. The knowledge of factors that affect barnyardgrass germination contribute to develop crop management practices of this important weed that interferes in some crops, including the soybean grown in rotation with rice paddy.

Soma térmica em arroz de terras baixas irrigado por aspersão

The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of thermal time calculation and the duration of the development stages of lowland rice (Oryza sativa) irrigated by sprinkling. The experiment was conducted during three growing seasons (2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2014/2015), with five irrigation water depths, six cultivars, and four replicates. Six methods of thermal time calculation were tested: two using the minimum basal temperature; two using the minimum and optimum temperatures; and two using the minimum, optimum, and maximum basal temperatures. For the thermal time calculation, the crop development cycle was divided into the vegetative, reproductive, and grain-filling phases. The methods that used the three cardinal temperatures showed the lowest coefficients of variation for most of the developmental phases. Both irrigation water depths and rice cultivars affected the thermal time of the development stages. The greater the water availability, the lower the duration of the development cycle. Thermal time values depend on the calculation method.