Dionysis Latinopoulos

Using a choice experiment to estimate the social benefits from improved water supply services

Efficient and sustainable future investments in water infrastructure and improved water services should be based on a thorough understanding of public preferences and values. This paper examines the welfare effects of improved water supply services in a characteristic coastal area, where water policy makers should address both water quality and water quantity problems. A choice experiment method was designed and conducted in order to evaluate public preferences for alternative levels of water supply attributes: i.e. water quality, frequency of water supply interruptions and water availability for agriculture. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of residents in the study area (Municipality of New Propontida, Greece). The results show a significant willingness to pay (WTP) for drinking water quality improvements and a lower yet important WTP to avoid interruptions in water services. In a cost-benefit framework, those findings may serve as a reference for sustainable water resources planning, aiming at deriving reliable estimates of social benefits from selected water management decisions.

The impact of economic recession on outdoor recreation demand: an application of the travel cost method in Greece

This paper uses a travel cost method in order to assess the impact of economic recession on the demand for outdoor recreational services, for the case of a protected riparian ecosystem. For this purpose, two travel cost surveys were conducted in Paranesti (located in Northern Greece) in 2009 and 2010 (i.e. before and during the economic recession in Greece). The final results show a significant divergence between the two surveys due to the changing economic conditions. Expected trips to the reference area and consumer surplus estimates are both decreased in 2010 by approximately 15–25%, indicating a significant change of travel behaviour in a relatively short-time period.

Economic appraisal of the public control and prevention strategy against the 2010 West Nile Virus outbreak in Central Macedonia, Greece

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the economic efficiency of the public control and prevention strategies to tackle the 2010 West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak in the Region of Central Macedonia, Greece. Efficiency is examined on the basis of the public prevention costs incurred and their potential in justifying the costs arising from health and nuisance impacts in the succeeding years. STUDY DESIGN Economic appraisal of public health management interventions. METHODS Prevention and control cost categories including control programmes, contingency planning and blood safety testing, are analyzed based on market prices. A separate cost of illness approach is conducted for the estimation of medical costs and productivity losses from 2010 to 2013 and for the calculation of averted health impacts. The averted mosquito nuisance costs to households are estimated on the basis of a contingent valuation study. Based on these findings, a limited cost-benefit analysis is employed in order to evaluate the economic efficiency of these strategies in 2010-2013. RESULTS Results indicate that cost of illness and prevention costs fell significantly in the years following the 2010 outbreak, also as a result of the epidemic coming under control. According to the contingent valuation survey, the annual average willingness to pay to eliminate the mosquito problem in the study area ranged between 22 and 27 € per household. Cost-benefit analysis indicates that the aggregate benefit of implementing the previous 3-year strategy creates a net socio-economic benefit in 2013. However the spread of the WNV epidemic and the overall socio-economic consequences, had the various costs not been employed, remain unpredictable and extremely difficult to calculate. CONCLUSIONS The application of a post epidemic strategy appears to be of utmost importance for public health safety. An updated well designed survey is needed for a more precise definition of the optimum prevention policies and levels and for the establishment of the various cost/benefit parameters.

Simulation and multicriteria analysis in sustainable coastal planning: the case of aquaculture in Thermaikos Gulf, Greece

Mussel aquaculture in Thermaikos Gulf is facing a great challenge to tackle both institutional and production planning aspects. Local stakeholders are concerned about the future design of an efficient and equitable legal planning framework for the aquaculture, as well as about the improvement of production planning in order to optimize the total economic outcome of mussel activity in the area. The present paper focuses on the assessment of alternative production planning decisions, under the assumption that an efficient and socially acceptable institutional framework is already established. To this end, a case-specific decision-making tool is designed aiming to combine simulation modelling and multicriteria analysis. The main interactions between the environmental and cultivation conditions and the socio-economic parameters of the local aquaculture are specified according to a previous modelling effort concerning the long-line mussel farms of the study area. These interactions are then incorporated into a multicriteria model, which is formulated to handle the decision-making problem of selecting the best alternative planning decisions. This is actually a problem of evaluating and choosing the most promising policy options in terms of local society preferences. An integrated approach is followed, by means of an analytic hierarchy process, aiming at analysing the preferences of local community by determining the weights for a specific set of (sustainability) criteria. The relative importance of these criteria is determined through a questionnaire survey among the local stakeholders. The results from this application show that future planning policies should focus on production techniques, which are likely to enhance the quality of mussel production and, at the same time, to minimize the economic risk associated with the local occurrence of Harmful Algal Bloom events.

Valuing The Services Of Coastal Ecosystems: A Meta-analysis Of Contingent Valuation Studies

Coastal ecosystems provide many and diverse functions, creating significant environmental values that should be taken into consideration during coastal management decisions. The most widely used method in coastal ecosystem valuation is contingent valuation, a method that can deal with the assessment of direct and indirect ecosystem uses and also of non-use motivations in natural resource economics. In this framework, the main aim of the present paper is to statistically examine the variation of coastal ecosystem values, as derived from 20 contingent valuation case studies. More precisely, this variation is explained by means of a meta-analysis application (meta-regression analysis), where the dependent variable is the willingness to pay for coastal ecosystems protection (or restoration), whereas the set of explanatory variables comprise three main categories of primary studies’ characteristics: (a) the environmental characteristics of the reference sites, (b) the site characteristics and (c) the methodological characteristics of the contingent valuation studies. The results of this paper show that all three categories comprise significant factors that explain the heterogeneity in coastal ecosystem values. Moreover, it has been found that specific site characteristics, such as the size of the reference coastal areas and the major environmental threats within these areas, are the most significant determinants of the variation in the willingness to pay. Finally, according to the outcome of a benefit transfer exercise performed on the results of the meta-regression analysis, the accrued set of estimators can be further applied in order to form a generalized benefit transfer function for the assessment of other coastal ecosystems.

Optimal Exploitation of Groundwater and the Potential for a Tradable Permit System in Irrigated Agriculture

A great challenge facing future agricultural water policy is to explore the potential for transition from the current myopic competitive (common) exploitation of groundwater resources to a long-term efficient and sustainable allocation. A number of economic and/or command and control instruments can be used by the relevant water authority in order to deal with the economic and environmental problems generated by competitive exploitation. However, according to previous experience in both developed and developing countries, tradable permits seem as one of the most effective and efficient instruments, especially under conditions of limited water availability. On this account, the aim of the current study is to explore the feasibility and implementation of a tradable permit system in irrigated agriculture. To this end, two distinct optimization models are applied and compared: (a) an individual farmer’s model (representing the myopic non-cooperative exploitation of groundwater) and (b) a social planner’s model (representing the cooperative and sustainable allocation). The deviation of their results shows the rationale for using a tradable permit system, while the final allocation of the social planner’s model, solved as an optimal control problem that maximizes the social welfare under specific water policy objectives, denotes the equilibrium state of this system. The two models are then applied in a typical rural area of Greece where groundwater is the only source of irrigated agriculture. The derived time paths for water consumption and water availability illustrate the significant environmental benefits from the future implementation of a tradable permit system.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: 13 years of living with the Asian tiger mosquito

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae), commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is an invasive mosquito species of public health significance, well established in many countries worldwide. In Greece, it was first recorded in Corfu and Thesprotia between 2003 and 2004. In the following years, further distribution and establishment of Ae. albopictus in Greece have been confirmed in many Regional Units of the country. In the current study, we report the invasion history of Ae. albopictus in Greece, until 2016. The results from the entomological investigation following imported virus cases in 2014, 2015, and 2016 are also included. Moreover, its presence in Greece is demonstrated in a thematic map based on (a) information provided by pest control companies and/or citizens, (b) the official samples sent to Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) and the National School of Public Health (NSPH), and (c) the entomological surveillance conducted by the BPI.

The impact of a public information campaign on preferences for marine environmental protection. The case of plastic waste

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a public information campaign, which was conducted on a major Greek Island (Syros), aimed at reducing plastic waste - and specifically plastic bags - in the local coastal/marine environment. A choice experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects on individual preferences for reducing plastic waste pollution under different status of environmental awareness, after the information campaign. The evaluation process was quite independent of the information campaign. Two samples of respondents were taken; one consisting of participants in the environmental campaign and the other consisting of non-participants. The results show: (a) significant differences between the preferences of the two samples; (b) variations in the willingness to pay values between the two samples for protection of the coastal/marine environment, but; (c) not significant differences in their commitment to take action (i.e. in their willingness to alter their current plastic bag use behavior).