Dirk Linzen

A Comparison of Different Methods for Battery and Supercapacitor Modeling

In future vehicles (e.g. fuel cell vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles), the electrical system will have an important impact on the mechanical systems in the car (e.g. powertrain, steering). Furthermore, this coupling willbecome increasingly important over time. In order to develop effective designs and appropriate control systems for these systems, it is important that the plant models capture the detailed physical behavior in the system. This paper will describe models of two electrical components, a battery and a supercapacitor, which have been modeled in two ways: (i) modeling the plant and controller using block diagrams in Simulink and (ii) modeling the plant and controller in Dymola followed by compiling this model to an S-function for simulation in Simulink. Both the battery and supercapacitor model are based on impedance spectroscopy measurements and can be used for highly dynamic simulations. The developed models will be discussed and comparisons between the two modeling techniques (i), (ii) and measurement data will be made. This paper shows that using Modelica, the modeling language used by Dymola to describe physical components, leads to increased model flexibility and faster model development. Furthermore, a Dymola generated plant model runs faster than the equivalent Simulink model when exported into the Simulink environment and run in conjunction with a Simulink controller model.

Analysis and evaluation of charge balancing circuits on performance, reliability and lifetime of supercapacitor systems

Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electric double layer capacitors (ELDC), are electrical energy storage devices, which offer high power density, extremely high cycling capability and mechanical robustness. Due to their electrical performance, supercapacitors have a high potential to be used in industrial applications. To improve the performance, reliability and lifetime of these capacitors, charge balancing circuits are employed. In this paper, different equalization concepts are analyzed and evaluated. In addition, a simulation approach for the design of supercapacitor systems is proposed. As an example, results from an automotive application are presented.Supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors or electric double-layer capacitors (ELDCs), are electrical energy storage devices, which offer high power density, extremely high cycling capability, and mechanical robustness. Due to their electrical performance, supercapacitors have a high potential to be used in industrial applications. To improve the performance, reliability, and lifetime of these capacitors, charge-balancing circuits are employed. In this paper, different equalization concepts are analyzed and evaluated. In addition, a simulation approach for the design of supercapacitor systems is proposed. As an example, results from an automotive application are presented.

Characterization of a high-voltage press pack IGBT under soft-switching conditions

To design high-power converter systems, a characterization of power losses of the utilized high-power devices is necessary. In this paper, the characterization of a high-voltage press pack IGBT (Toshiba ST1000EX21, 2500 V, 1000 A) under soft switching conditions at different operating temperatures is done. Based on these measured data the power losses of a three-phase inverter system is simulated. Finally, a comparison of the performance of the IGBT and a GTO (Toshiba SG 3000GXH24, 4500 V, 3000 A) is presented.

Simulation of power losses with MATLAB/Simulink using advanced power device models

This paper proposes a simulation concept to determine the power losses of high-power converters using the simulation tool MATLAB/Simulink. A new behavior model which describes the dynamic switching behavior of high-power devices is developed and implemented. As an example, a detailed analysis of the power losses of the auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter (ARCP) is shown.

A novel compensating network for inverter driven single-phase high-power loads

In inductive heating applications, high-power single-phase loads, e.g. for melting furnaces, are used. Usually, they are connected to an inverter that provides the appropriate voltage and frequency. In contrast to three phase loads, the power oscillates at twice the operation frequency. To ensure a constant power extraction from the supply grid, the inverter has to contain a large energy storage, e.g. a large DC-link capacitor or inductor. In this paper, a novel approach for supplying these loads is presented that enables a significant reduction of the DC-link components. The principle is explained in detail and two modulation strategies are introduced. Finally, simulation results are given.