Divesh S. Sharma

Non‐Audit Services and Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from New Zealand

New Zealand provides a natural laboratory to test whether knowledge spillovers arise from auditor�?provided non�?audit services. Unlike prior research, we do not assume constant audit quality but first test whether audit quality varies with auditor�?provided non�?audit services and audit efficiency. Results show that higher non�?audit fees paid to the auditor in conjunction with shorter audit lag does not reduce the quality of the audit. Results reveal a negative association between non�?audit fees and audit lag, thus suggesting the presence of knowledge spillovers. However, the knowledge spillover effect is limited to the city office providing both the audit and non�?audit services.

The decision usefulness of reported cash flow and accrual information in a behavioural field experiment

Abstract While recent capital market studies tend to reveal some information content in cash flows, their results may not be generalisable to other contexts such as the assessment of solvency. Mandated accounting standards on cash flow emphasise the relevance of cash flow data for assessing solvency. However, there is a paucity of research that specifically investigates this contention. Accordingly, this study investigates the decision usefulness of reported cash flow and accrual information in a behavioural field solvency assessment experiment. Using a two-group between-subjects field experiment design, bankers with at least three years corporate lending experience made solvency judgments using either cash flow cues or accrual cues. We found that, as hypothesised, judgments based on cash flow information were more accurate than judgments based on accrual information. The difference in judgment accuracy was more pronounced for insolvent (failed) companies than for solvent (non-failed) companies. This observation suggests that cash flow information is more decision useful for firms experiencing financial distress. Our results therefore imply that cash flow information has greater decision usefulness than accrual information for assessing corporate solvency and support the mandate of the Statement of Cash Flows. Our results also support the normative arguments of proponents of cash flow reporting.

The Relative Relevance of Cash Flow and Accrual Information for Solvency Assessments: A Multi-Method Approach

This multi-method study reports the results of two complementary experiments investigating the relevance of cash flow and accrual information. A behavioural field experiment investigated differences in the accuracy of solvency assessments between commercial lending managers using cash flow information and those using accrual information. Results indicated that commercial lending managers using cash flow information made more accurate solvency assessments than managers using accrual information. Results of an archival quantitative modeling experiment complemented these results and indicated cash flow information had incremental information content beyond accrual information. Our results confirmed the decision-usefulness of cash flow information and supported the mandate of the Statement of Cash Flows.

Big 4 Auditor Affiliation and Accruals Quality in Bangladesh

Purpose - Bangladesh is an emerging economy and international audit firms operate there through affiliated local audit firms. The Bangladesh audit market can be characterized as an intensely competitive small audit market with relatively poor demand for high-audit quality. In addition, Bangladesh has a relatively small and under developed but growing capital market that is characterized by poor corporate regulation and weak investor protection. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between Big 4 affiliated auditors and accruals quality in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach - Following prior literature, this paper uses both absolute discretionary accruals and signed discretionary accruals as proxies of accruals quality. The sample is 382 firm-year observations and covers fiscal years 2000-2003. Findings - It was found that the association between Big 4 affiliates and accruals quality in Bangladesh depends on measures of accruals quality and accruals models used. Overall, Big 4 affiliates do not have a positive impact on accruals quality of their clients in Bangladesh. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the literature on audit quality and accruals quality. The results potentially suggest that Big 4 affiliates do not have any positive impact on accruals quality of clients in an intensely competitive audit market where the demand for quality audit is poor and monitoring is lax and raise potential implications for policy makers and market participants in Bangladesh.

Environmental initiatives and earnings management

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to provide initial evidence on the association between environmental initiatives and earnings management. Prior literature documents firms participating in environmental initiatives to report relatively stronger financial performance. Moreover, firms with superior performance have been shown to engage in greater levels of earnings management. A natural question that arises is to what extent do firms with environmental initiatives engage in earnings management to report better financial performance? Design/methodology/approach - – The study draws on two theoretical frameworks, external monitoring and internal corporate culture, to predict an inverse association between environmental initiatives and earnings management. The authors test this prediction using an earnings management regression model, estimating discretionary accruals using the modified-Jones approach. Findings - – The study finds that firms with environmental initiatives exhibit lower earnings management proxied by absolute and income-increasing total discretionary accruals. The authors further find pollution prevention and climate related initiatives to help explain this inverse association. The results imply that firms practising environmental responsibility report better financial performance, with the most likely reason being due to real economic performance rather than through earnings management techniques. Originality/value - – This study provides initial evidence on the association between environmental initiatives and earnings management, an area of importance to all stakeholders in a market with increasing interest in corporate environmental performance and its implications.