Djoko Sihono Gabriel

How to Increase Plastic Waste Acceptance for Mechanical Recycling: An Introduction to Material Value Conservation and its Phenomenon

Inappropriate packaging design and implementation of quality improvement of plastic waste paradigm affected low acceptance of waste for mechanical recycling. This research proposed material value conservation paradigm with design for recycling principles as key solution in avoiding its value degradation. Phenomenology and plastic quality measurement implemented as methodologies of research. Some evident in Indonesia verified the presence of the new paradigm in practice and followed with estimation of its prospective benefit. The new paradigm will generate broader impact and more benefit if adopted for other type of materials, especially for region with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

Repetitive Implementation of Material Value Conservation and its Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Plastic Recycling Products

Impurity and contaminated waste of flexible plastic packaging will not be viable as raw materials for secondary recycling. This problem could be avoided by repetitive implementation of material value conservation through material purity protection since the product design activities up to the end of packaging life cycle. This paradigm also creates new sequential life cycles of products rather than once when only virgin materials were used as raw materials. With repetitive implementation of material value conservation and serial testing in a polymer laboratory, a type of virgin plastic pellet recycled up to the 8th stage of secondary recycling, and then the mechanical properties of materials tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This research revealed that flexible plastic packaging materials that managed by Material Value Conservation (MVC) implementations were suitable for secondary recycling in producing the viable quality of recycled plastic pellets in mechanical properties measures, and leverage the potential of virgin plastic pellets utilization. Because of MVC implementations protected the purity of materials intensively, and then increased the value of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials for the new life cycle of plastic products.

Plastic Packaging Material Value Conservation and Evident of the Consumers’ Acceptance

Virgin plastic pellets are widely used as raw materials in flexible plastic packaging which generate abundant postconsumer plastic waste. The widespread use of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials will reduce plastic waste generation significantly. However, substitution of virgin materials need high quality of recycled plastic pellets which produced from good quality of plastic waste. Design for material value conservation in this case study was a trial implementation of design principles of plastic bag in order to minimize its value degradation of plastic waste, and therefore increase its acceptance by plastic recycling industries. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 software used as tool of analysis in evaluating consumer acceptance of the two types of design paradigm, current design and material value conservation based design. The results indicated that consumers accepted both type of packaging. With final standard factor loading, the proposed design indicated slightly better correlation coefficients: 0.46 for Ease of Information Delivery and 0.74 for Informational Content variables, better than current design with 0.44 and 0.73 coefficients. Widespread implementation of design for material value conservation will save virgin plastic consumption for plastic packaging production, reduce plastic waste generation as well as support material resource conservation in a better condition of environment. The social and economic benefit will also be obtained as multiplier effect of material value conservation.

Plastic Packaging Material Value Conservation and the Structure of Stakeholder Role

Material value conservation (MVC) paradigm is an implementation of various approach, design principle, process or treatment of materials, and other efforts to minimize its value degradation and maximize its residual or salvage value, and therefore increase its utilization, life cycle, and the overall value. With design for material value conservation, a serial product utilization will exist in a serial lifetime. Design for material value conservation does not only need its evident of the benefit, but also needs integrated and structured stakeholder roles. For these purpose, properties of material testing and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) implemented in this research. The positive effect of MVC implementation and a final result of ISM suggest an integrated stakeholder roles with appropriate linkage and interrelation of activities which support improvement of the quality of recycled plastic pellet and the material value conservation implementation success.

Impact of Plastic Labelling, Coloring and Printing on Material Value Conservation in the Products of Secondary Recycling

Flexible plastic packaging which rejected or with low acceptance as raw materials for secondary recycling need relevant evidence and explanation of its cause, and then, need a systemic solution on how to increase the acceptance level. Coloring and printing on flexible plastic packaging were predicted as the significant source of impurity that reduces the value of plastic material at the end of packaging life cycle. Otherwise, optimum use of label or sticker as printing media for informational and promotional purpose on the packaging proposed as a key solution in material value conservation. The existing practices which focused on how to manage abundant plastic waste generation, replaced by a new paradigm which focused on how avoid waste generation by conserving the material value systematically. This research revealed that flexible plastic packaging materials with no color pigment and no printing ink were suitable for secondary recycling to produce high quality of recycled plastic pellets and leverage the selling price. Therefore, labelling on the surface of packaging that protect purity of the material can be considered as one of methods in the implementation of material value conservation on flexible plastic packaging. Another benefits of the implementation of material value conservation are to improve the utilization of virgin plastic and its recycled plastic pellets as raw materials with better quality.

Leveraging Driver Satisfaction through Driving Quality Improvement: A Case Study of Multi Purposes Vehicle Using Structural Equation Modelling

Customer satisfaction program of product becomes an important goal at most of manufacturers and needs various effort to make the goal successfully achieved. Previous research and experience proved that product quality was very important aspect but need deeper elaboration of any other cause of satisfaction. A case study of multi purposes vehicle (MPV) and its driver using Structural Equation Modelling with Lisrel software and Anova analysis prepared for this work. Data collecting with questionnaires from 516 car drivers in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi conducted to uncover role of driver related to their post purchase satisfaction of vehicle. Steps of analysis designed to clarify the relationship between quality of vehicle, driving satisfaction and role of driving quality in between. This study found that driving quality moderated the relationship between variables. Lower quality of driving will reduce driving satisfaction even if the quality of vehicle was genuine. A moderating variable role reveal new paradigm in satisfying customer and improving competitive advantage of vehicle manufacturers. Index T erms—driving quality, driving satisfaction, moderating variable, automobile, structural equation

Perancangan Peta Jalan Pengembangunan Industri Hasil Pertanian pada Wilayah Kabupaten dengan Metode VRISA dan Rantai Nilai

.Industry development is an alternative in social welfare improvement of a region. This research was conducted to develop a road map of industry development in Kabupaten Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. VRISA (Value, Rare, In-imitabillity, Substitutability and Appropriability) framework used to determine appropriate industrial products to be developed. Based on value chain method, the development strategy was constructed into main value chain and supporting value chain strategy. Output of analysis showed that corn-based product was preferred by VRISA framework, so it needs to be developed as appropriate industry for Kabupaten Bengkayang. There are three stages of industrial development in the corn-based industry, namely initial phase (basic foundation establishment), main phase (implementation), and final stage (harvesting). Time frame for all stages takes five years.