Djong Hon Tjong

Genetic differentiation of the Fejervarya limnocharis complex from Bangladesh and other Asian countries elucidated by allozyme analyses.

Abstract The present study was conducted to elucidate the genetic divergence and the phylogenetic relationships in the F. limnocharis complex from Bangladesh and other Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan and Japan by allozyme analyses. We used a total of 95 frogs of the F. limnocharis complex from these countries and F. cancrivora from the Philippines as an outgroup. Based on body size, the F. limnocharis complex from Bangladesh was divided into three distinct groups: large, medium and small types. Allozyme analyses were carried out with 28 loci encoding 20 enzymes and two blood proteins by horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. When Neis (1972) genetic distance was calculated, distinct divergence was found among the three types: mean genetic distance was 0.782 between the small and medium types, 1.458 between the large and medium types, and 1.520 between the large and small types. Phylogenetic trees based on genetic distance showed that all populations of Bangladesh small type strongly formed a cluster and were found to be most closely related to the Sri Lanka population; that all populations of Bangladesh large type formed a very strong cluster and were grouped with several populations from Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, and Taiwan; and that the medium type was segregated from all other groups. This may imply that each of the three types is a different species, and that the medium type is possibly an undescribed taxon.

The Study of Dermatoglyphic in Simian Crease Group (The Human Masukake- Gata) at Minangkabau Ethnic, West Sumatra, Indonesia

The research on dermatoglyphic study based on finge r print patterns, total finger ridge count, total number of triradius, a-b ridge count and atd angle in simian crease group (the human Masukakegata) was conducted at Minangkabau ethnic. The stud y used a purposive sampling method for the simian crease group and random sampling for the nor mal group. Data processing used qualitative and quantitative descriptive method and it was carr ied out in the Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathemat ics and Natural Sciences, University of Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra. The results showed t hat the finger print pattern on the simian crease group was significantly different to the nor mal group. There was increased frequency of whorls in simian crease group. While the total fing er ridge count, total number of triradius, a-b ridge count and atd angle on simian crease group we re not significantly different to the normal group. The atd angle was recommended to be one of t he other markers to predict rapidly trisomy 21 besides simian crease on palmar and proposed to no longer define the simian line just as characteristic of people with Down’s syndrome.