Dmitri Yu. Tishechkin

Host plant shifts and transitions into new adaptive zones in leafhoppers: the example of Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) of Russia and adjacent countries.

The modes of diversification of Palaearctic Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) are reconstructed based on data on their host plants and distribution in Russia and the adjacent territories. Macropsinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) is originally an Oriental group, which penetrated into the Palaearctic from Southeast Asia. The genus Pediopsoides and species of the genus Macropsis that feed on East Asian oaks have not dispersed beyond broadleaf forests of the Eastern Palaearctic. Apparently, Pediopsis and elm-feeding species of Macropsis initially dispersed throughout the entire broadleaf forest zone. Division of this zone into two widely separated parts in temperate areas of Europe and East Asia (nemoral disjunction), produced closely related vicariant pairs of sister species. The genus Oncopsis and species of Macropsis feeding on Salicaceae dispersed throughout the entire Palaearctic following their host plants. Both lineages penetrated into riparian forests of the foothills and midlands of Central Asia, where they produced endemic species. The Central Asian Macropsis lineage shifted from Salicaceae to trees and shrubs of unrelated families (wild roses, barberry, oleaster, and sea-buckthorn) growing in the same biotopes. Subsequent diversification on those plants produced several separate host-associated species-groups, some of which penetrated following their hosts from riparian forests into arid habitats. One such lineage apparently shifted from shrubs to wormwood species (Artemisia spp.) and thus gave rise to the genus Macropsidius. This genus underwent adaptive radiation on wormwood species in the plains of South Kazakhstan and Central Asia; advancing westward, it formed secondary centres of diversity in Transcaucasia and the Mediterranean. Finally, some lineage of Macropsidius (or its sister-group) switched from feeding on Artemisia to polyphagy, yielding the ancestral form of the genus Hephathus. In general, the evolution of the Macropsis-Macropsidius-Hephathus lineage in the Palaearctic closely followed the classical Simpsonian model: the group underwent diversification within a particular adaptive zone, then one lineage entered a new adaptive zone and secondarily diversified there, etc. Transitions into new adaptive zones by different Macropsinae lineages were probably caused by one of two factors: shift to a new plant unrelated to the original host (e.g., from Salicaceae to plants of other families) or adaptation to new microclimatic conditions (penetration from riparian forests into open arid habitats).

Taxonomic study of Central Asian species of the genus Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae). III: Descriptions of two new willow-dwelling species, new synonym, annotated check-list, and key to species

Macropsis milkoi Tishetshkin sp. n. from West Tien Shan, Alay and Hissar-Darvaz Mts. (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and Macropsis anufrievi Tishetshkin sp. n. from Hissar-Darvaz Mts. (Tajikistan) are described. M. elaeagni Emelyanov, 1964 = M. cyanescens Dubovskiy, 1966 syn. n. is redescribed and illustrated based on the material from Central Asia. Annotated check list and key to 30 Macropsis species from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and the mountains of Southern Kazakhstan are given.

Contributions to the study of the genus Hephathus Ribaut, 1952 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) of Russia and adjacent countries.

In Russia and the adjacent territories, the genus Hephathus includes three species, H. nanus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1835), H. freyi (Fieber, 1868) = H. tshakaranus Dlabola, 1957, syn. n., and H. achilleae Mityaev, 1967. They are indistinguishable in genitalia shape, but differ in male calling signal structure and black pattern of face. Photos of habitus and face, drawings of genitalia and male 2(nd) abdominal apodemes, signal oscillograms, and distribution maps for all species are provided. H. orientalis Linnavuori, 1953 is indistinguishable from H. freyi in coloration and genitalia shape; therefore, investigation of male calling signals is necessary for elucidation of its status. Macropsis fergusoni Evans, 1942 from Tasmania and Asmaropsis troilos Linnavuori, 1978 from Eritrea differ from Palaearctic Hephathus in the shape of head, pro-, and mesonotum and apparently belong to other genera.

Taxonomic study of Central Asian species of the genus Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae). II: Redescriptions of poorly known species, new synonyms, and description of a new willow-dwelling species

Macropsis validiuscula Dubovsky, 1966, M. vicina (Horvath, 1897) = M. populicola Dubovsky, 1966 = M. albinata Dubovsky, 1966, syn. n. = M. albidula Dubovsky, 1966, syn. n., M. iliensis Mityaev, 1971 and M. elaeagnicola Dubovsky, 1966 are redescribed and illustrated based on material from Tien Shan Mts. (Kyrgyzstan) and Ferghana Valley (Uzbekistan), M. tienschanica Tishetshkin sp. n. from West Tien Shan Mts. (Kyrgyzstan) is described. M. iliensis Mityaev, 1971 is recorded from Kyrgyzstan for the first time. Data on host plants and male vibrational calling signals for all species considered are provided.

On the taxonomic structure and variability of Macropsidius involutus Dlabola, 1963 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae)—morphology and calling signal pattern

Variability of genitalia shape and male calling signal pattern in Macropsidius involutus from 10 localities in South-eastern Europe (the Crimea, the Lower Volga Region), Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan was investigated. Variability of pygofer processes, penis shape, and signal pattern clearly has a geographic component, but none of these traits clearly supports subdividing this species into different subspecies unequivocally. M. involutus was found at altitudes from 0 up to ca. 2000 m a. s. l. in steppes and deserts in the plains and in steppe zones of mountains. Apparently, different environmental conditions in different parts of its range led to divergence of local populations, but the absence of zoogeographical barriers between them makes possible gene exchange and thus prevents emergence of clearly delineated subspecific taxa.

Contributions to the study of Idiocerinae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) of Central Asia with notes on synonymy

Investigation of morphological variability in three species of Central-Asiatic Idiocerinae showed that small differences in the shape of male genitalia and abdominal apodemes are not species-specific traits. Based on these data, the following synonymies are established: Populicerus ambigenus (Dubovskiy, 1966) = P. tenellus (Dubovskiy, 1966), syn. n., Idiocerus bilituratus Dubovskiy, 1966 = I. bipustulatus Mityaev, 1967, syn. n.; the synonymy Sahlbergotettix salicicola (Flor, 1861) = S. mesasiaticus Dubovskiy, 1966 = Idiocerus fulvius Dlabola, 1967 established by Anufriev (1978) is confirmed. Illustrated descriptions of three species considered and data on their male calling signals, biology, and distribution are provided.

On the taxonomy of Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Agalliinae) of Western Kyrgyzstan

In Western Kyrgyzstan the genus Anaceratagallia includes four species: A. venosa (de Fourcroy, 1785), A. aciculata (Horvath, 1894), A. laevis (Ribaut, 1935) = A. acuteangulata Dubovskiy, 1966 nec Zachvatkin, 1946, and A. alabugensis Dubovskiy, 1966 = A. collicola Dubovskiy, 1966, syn. n. = A. turanica Dubovskiy, 1966, syn. n. = A. laevis Dubovskiy, 1966 nec Ribaut, 1935. Illustrated descriptions and male calling signal oscillograms for all species are given. The range of A. acuteangulata Zachvatkin, 1946 includes Italy, Greece, Turkey, and North Caucasus; records of this species from Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia are erroneous. Investigation of morphological and acoustic characters in Anaceratagallia showed that small differences in the shape of male genitalia and 2nd abdominal apodemes are not species-specific traits.

Review of the genus Oncopsis Burmeister, 1838 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) of Russia and adjacent countries with description of a new species from Central Asia

Illustrated descriptions and data on host plants and distribution for 21 species of Oncopsis of Russia and adjacent countries are given, and O. abdykulovi sp. n. from Central Asia is described. Conspecificity of O. planiscuta from East Siberia and Sakhalin,of O. tristis from Moscow Area, Alati Mts., and Sakhalin, and of O. burjatica from East Siberia and Sakhalin is corroborated by male calling signal analysis.

Taxonomic study of Chinese species of the genus Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) III: a review of oak-dwelling species

The group of Chinese Macropsis species dwelling on oak (Quercus spp.) is reviewed and nine species are recognized. Among them, three new species, Macropsis huangbana sp. nov. from Shaanxi and Yunnan Provinces, M. latiprocessa sp. nov. from Guizhou Province and M. longiprocessa sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, are described and illustrated; M. irenae Viraktamath, 1981 (= M. irrorata Tishechkin, 2002, nec Matsumura, 1912) is recorded from China and Japan for the first time; M. meifengensis Huang & Viraktamath, 1993 and M. jozankeana (Matsumura, 1912) are redescribed based on examination of specimens from mainland China and adjacent territories of Russia respectively; translation of the original description of M. rubrosternalis Kuoh, 1992 from Chinese is provided, also a key to species of Oak-dwelling Macropsis from China is present.