Dmitry Ishchenko

Adaptive Protection and Microgrid Control Design for Hailuoto Island

Microgrids can provide various economic and environmental benefits but their implementation poses great technical challenges in control, protection and energy management. One of the most important technical aspects in microgrids is distribution system protection. This paper first demonstrates a need for and then focuses on the design aspects of the adaptive protection system addressing issues such as: selection of alternative setting groups, components and system architecture; system configuration and programmed logic. The system is based on a centralized controller running the real-time analysis of the data received from the field Intelligent Electronic Devices and communicating with them by means of IEC 61850 communications. The adaptive protection and microgrid control system has been developed and currently being installed at Hailuoto island in Finland.

Protection coordination in active distribution grids with IEC 61850

This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme developed for distribution networks that include large number of Distributed Energy Resources and are capable to dynamically change configuration, i.e. active in nature. The system is based on a centralized controller running the real-time analysis of the data received from the field Intelligent Electronic Devices and communicating with IEDs by means of IEC 61850 communications.

Solid-state fault current limiter for medium voltage distribution systems

This work presents a thyristor-controlled fault current limiter for medium voltage distribution systems (6-10 kV). The main goal of the proposed scheme is to alleviate the effect of the fault current on the switchgear and other equipment The limiter is designed mainly for application in industries with large motors installed, where motors feeding to the fault is significant model of the power system with the limiter has been developed using ATP-EMTP. Results of simulations, showing the efficiency of the limiter applications, are presented in the paper.

Collaborative defense against data injection attack in IEC61850 based smart substations

As the power distribution grid moves towards actualizing the concept of a smart grid, the dependence of reliable and secure grid operation on the communication architecture and data is increasing rapidly, along with the possible cyber-attack surface. In this paper first an agreement algorithm for a distribution substation with radial topology is presented that leverages the communication capabilities under the IEC61850 standard, along with basic power system concepts such as Kirchhoffs laws, to detect and locate a data injection attack in the communication system, a relay misconfiguration or a sensor failure that can cause an incorrect response to actual or apparent fault currents. Then a setup for a collaborative mechanism using the algorithm to detect and deter the impacts of such a data injection attack under different grid operating scenarios is introduced. The results of the demonstration of this setup, presented here, show that the proposed collaborative mechanism is consistently able to detect and deter the impacts of data injection and misconfiguration attacks as well as sensor failures in the IEC61850-based smart substation.

Adaptive protection and microgrid control design for Hailuoto Island

Microgrids can provide various economic and environmental benefits but their implementation poses great technical challenges in control, protection and energy management. One of the most important technical aspects in microgrids is distribution system protection. This paper first demonstrates a need for and then focuses on the design aspects of the adaptive protection system addressing issues such as: selection of alternative setting groups, components and system architecture; system configuration and programmed logic. The system is based on a centralized controller running the real-time analysis of the data received from the field Intelligent Electronic Devices and communicating with them by means of IEC 61850 communications. The adaptive protection and microgrid control system has been developed and currently being installed at Hailuoto island in Finland.

The standardization of distribution grid communication networks

This paper reviews the recent development in the distribution utility communication networks including the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The standardizations of application level communication protocols in both AMI and SCADA systems are the major focus of this paper. In addition, some smart grid applications facilitated by the advances in the distribution communication networks are also discussed.

Hybrid overcurrent protection relay based on rotating magnetic field principle

This paper presents a novel hybrid power system overcurrent protection relay based on rotating magnetic field principle. The device is directly connected into the regular current transformer (CT) secondary circuit and consists of an electromagnetic component with rotating magnetic field and an electronics circuit employed to generate a low-level analog output, which is directly proportional to the magnitude of the input current signal. The relay output is produced without using numerical signal algorithms by the hybrid physical system. Moreover, the relay provides galvanic isolation from the secondary CT circuit and is capable of auto-correcting the input current waveform distortions introduced by CT saturation.

Hybrid distance protection relay with rotating magnetic field

The paper presents a new hybrid distance protective relay based on single-phase transformers with rotating magnetic field for distribution system applications. Both theoretical aspects and a method for the practical implementation of the distance protection element with predetermined impedance operating characteristic is shown. The paper also provides recommendations for the choice of its parameters to obtain the desired characteristics for the distance relay operation implemented as a circle in the complex plane. An experimental prototype distance relay based on converters with rotating magnetic field has been created and the laboratory tests confirmed adequate performance compared to commercial state-of-the-art technology.

Adaptive auto-reclosing based on DER connectivity data with IEC 61850

Most faults in the overhead distribution networks are temporary in nature. The protection system is therefore designed to open the line in an attempt to clear the fault and then automatically reclose to reconnect the circuit once the fault has cleared. Typical open interval dead-band in the medium voltage distribution grids is in the range of 150-300 ms for fast reclosing shots. Distributed energy resources (DER) are incompatible with the present utility reclosing practices since the DER unit may prevent the arc extinction by continuing to feed the fault. This way, a temporary fault can turn into a permanent one. Also, during the circuit breaker open time of the reclosing sequence, the generators in the network usually tend to drift away from synchronism with respect to the grid. A reconnection made without synchronization may cause serious damage to the DER units, potentially leading to overcurrent and/or overvoltage conditions in the grid. This paper proposes an algorithm for adapting the auto-reclosing sequence based on the connectivity status of the DER units in the distribution grid. The solution has been modeled based on IEC 61850 standard for compliance with modern utility practices.