Dmitry Molodtsov

Model Calculation of Energy Carriers Expenses on the Basis of Biogas in System Reformer - Fuel Cell for Autonomous Power Supply Systems

This paper presents the results of experiments and calculations of the energy expenses in tandem system reformer - fuel cell on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas. Possibility of electricity generation based on complex use of organic and hydrogenous fuel at creation of objects of distributive systems of power supply will approach energy sources to the consumer, having increased energy-economic indicators and efficiency of fuel use. A promising direction in the creation of autonomous power supply systems in low-rise residential development is the use of fuel cells running on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas Expenses of hydrogen fuel to operate the power installation with a predetermined capacity comparable with the required amount of hydrogen obtained by electrolysis. The calculated value of the efficiency of the system reformer - fuel cell, based on data on the required quantity of biogas and methane, as well as numerical characteristics of workflows fuel system, equal to 38.4%, confirms the relatively high efficiency of the use of hydrogenous fuel for the tasks of autonomous power supply. Usage of relatively low-cost hydrogen-containing fuel obtained from biogas from local secondary renewable resources will contribute to the creation of autonomous economic systems of power supply.

Mathematical Simulation of Flood Management by Hydro Systems with Temporarily Flooded Reservoirs

The mathematical model for calculating the parameters of a hydro system to control flood waterflows is proposed. This model is implemented in the mathematical software Octave and allows to specify the parameters of several types of anti-flood hydro systems, considering the design of the hydro system and data from the GIS systems, and can be used to calculate the maximum flow rates for specific rivers, as well as for joint management of floods in the river basin with the river water reservoirs of the hydroelectric power station.

Determination of Environmental Impact Factors of Flood Control Hydrosystems with Temporarily Filled Self-regulating Reservoirs

In the paper, the way of lands protection from torrential floods is considered by control of flood discharge in a river basin using the system of reservoirs distributed on the catchment-basin as part of a hydrosystem with a hydroelectric power plant of a complex purpose on the main river, as well as flood control hydrosystems in the upper reaches of the river and on lateral streams with temporarily filled self-regulating reservoirs. The task of determining the main impact factors on the environment of flood control hydrosystems and their quantitative assessment is considered. The most frequently encountered impact factors on the natural environment during the creation and operation of flood control hydrosystems are determined and considered. For specific hydrosystems, the choice of priority impact factors on the natural environment is proposed to be carried out using expert analysis. It’s recommended at the stage of choice of the location for flood control hydrosystems and the substantiation of their parameters, use the express-assessment of the impact on the natural environment. The article considers the impact of inundation caused by temporarily filled self-regulating reservoirs of flood control hydrosystems on forests, bogs, water quality and ecosystem diversity. The final parameters and operation modes of flood control hydrosystems are proposed to be determined for the minimum of permissible areas of short-term inundation of the upper pool, calculated for each priority environmental impact factor.

Experimental Assessment of Biogas and Leachate Emissions from MSW Landfills for Energy Reclamation with the Aim of Sustainable Urban Development

This article discusses the organization and the results of the laboratory-scale experiments in bioreactors with samples of municipal solid waste (MSW) for assessment of biogas potential and leachate emissions for MSW landfills energy reclamation with the aim of sustainable urban development. The procedure of organization and carrying out laboratory experiments on MSW decomposition in bioreactors providing similarity to MSW landfill conditions was approved using equipment meeting the international requirements.

Hydrogenous Fuel as an Energy Material for Efficient Operation of Tandem System Based on Fuel Cells

This paper presents the results of relatively cheap hydrogenous fuel usage as an energy material for energy supply stand-alone environmentally friendly systems creation. Usage of fuel cells running on hydrogenous fuel is a promising direction in creation of stand-alone power supply systems in low-rise residential development. Presented thermodynamic calculations and material balance data for electric and thermal components assessment in considered ways to use convention products, performance enhancement in tandem system based on fuel cells with full heat regeneration. The total effective efficiency of the tandem installation including the fuel converter, separating system, high-temperature fuel cell, low-temperature fuel cell is higher than for each of the fuel cell elements separately. Distribution of H2 for LTFC and HTFC is determined in compliance with the conditions of the positive heat balance to compensate the heat used for the endoenergic reaction in the converter, input stream heating and heat losses. The total effective efficiency under making full use of recovered heat for considered tandem system depends on the efficiency of its constituent fuel cells. Energetically effective distribution of H2 on streams of high-temperature and low-temperature oxidation according to a position of observance of positive thermal balance on an external contour of tandem system, is reached by operation of HTFC electric efficiency in the range of 50 ÷ 55%.

Laboratory Experiments on the Measurement of the Greenhouse Gases Concentration at the Water-Air Interface by Using a Floating Gas Box Method

Nowadays the problem of greenhouse gases emission going in the Earths atmosphere is closely connected with greenhouse effect development. Natural sources of the gases are the main reason of that. They are exactly hydroelectric reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants because the process of methane and carbon dioxide emission moved by the decomposition of the bottom organic substances is still not learned at all. Our main goal is to simulate this process in the laboratory for conducting further experiments at the hydroelectric reservoirs. The floating gas box method is the key point of all the experiment. It allows us to calculate the concentration of the gases emitted in the above-water part of the gas box and determine what kind of equipment we should take to measure the same parameter of the gases at the the hydroelectric reservoirs. If the experiment at the the hydroelectric reservoir goes right and the laboratory results correspond to the original results it will be possible to use the data for other hydroelectric reservoirs with some corrections and specify the information about total greenhouse gases emission in the atmosphere.

Use of Adsorbents for Indoor Air Purification from Carbon Dioxide

Some adsorbents were tested for indoor air purification from carbon dioxide. The obtained experimental data on the capacity of adsorbents allowed to carry out estimated calculations for definition of daily quantity of a sorbent for absorption of excess quantity of CO2. An experimental stand for assessing sorption capacity of adsorbents for gas mixtures containing CO2 in the air composition, biogas, etc. created, allows using model gas carry out qualitative and quantitative estimation of the compositions of input and output streams and the absorptive capacity of the tested materials.