Dmitry V. Peryshkov

Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Reactions Promoted by Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Complexes

Addition of LiOHMT (OHMT = O-2,6-dimesitylphenoxide) to W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(PMe(2)Ph)(2)Cl(2) led to WO(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OHMT)(PMe(2)Ph) (4). Subsequent addition of Li(2,5-Me(2)C(4)H(2)N) to 4 yielded yellow W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(Me(2)Pyr)(PMe(2)Ph) (5). Compound 5 is a highly effective catalyst for the Z-selective coupling of selected terminal olefins (at 0.2% loading) to give product in >75% yield with >99% Z configuration. Addition of 2 equiv of B(C(6)F(5))(3) to 5 afforded a catalyst activated at the oxo ligand by B(C(6)F(5))(3). 5·B(C(6)F(5))(3) is a highly active catalyst that produces thermodynamic products (~20% Z).

Direct Perfluorination of K2B12H12 in Acetonitrile Occurs at the Gas Bubble−Solution Interface and Is Inhibited by HF. Experimental and DFT Study of Inhibition by Protic Acids and Soft, Polarizable Anions

During the optimization of the F(2) perfluorination of K(2)B(12)H(12) in acetonitrile with continuous bubbling of 20/80 F(2)/N(2), it was discovered that (i) HF and other protic acids inhibit each of the 12 fluorination steps (in contradiction to recently published findings) and (ii) the fluorinations appear to take place at the gas bubble-solution interface. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest that these two phenomena are related by the relative propensities of the various B(12)H(12-x)F(x)(2-) anions to partition from bulk solution to the interface (i.e., their relative polarizabilities or softness; 0 <or= x <or= 12). Relative to the previously reported syntheses of K(2)B(12)F(12) or Cs(2)B(12)F(12), the new optimized procedure has the following advantages: (i) the scale was increased 10-fold without sacrificing yield (74% for K(2)B(12)F(12), 76% for Cs(2)B(12)F(12)) or purity (99.5+%); (ii) the reaction/purification time was decreased from ca. 1 week to 2 days; and (iii) the solvent was changed from anhydrous HF to acetonitrile, allowing ordinary glassware to be used. The anhydrous salt Cs(2)B(12)F(12) was found to be thermally stable up to 600 degrees C.

Poly(perfluoroalkylation) of Metallic Nitride Fullerenes Reveals Addition-Pattern Guidelines: Synthesis and Characterization of a Family of Sc3N@C80(CF3)n (n = 2−16) and Their Radical Anions

A family of highly stable (poly)perfluoroalkylated metallic nitride cluster fullerenes was prepared in high-temperature reactions and characterized by spectroscopic (MS, (19)F NMR, UV-vis/NIR, ESR), structural and electrochemical methods. For two new compounds, Sc(3)N@C(80)(CF(3))(10) and Sc(3)N@C(80)(CF(3))(12,) single crystal X-ray structures are determined. Addition pattern guidelines for endohedral fullerene derivatives with bulky functional groups are formulated as a result of experimental ((19)F NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction) studies and exhaustive quantum chemical calculations of the structures of Sc(3)N@C(80)(CF(3))(n) (n = 2-16). Electrochemical studies revealed that Sc(3)N@C(80)(CF(3))(n) derivatives are easier to reduce than Sc(3)N@C(80), the shift of E(1/2) potentials ranging from +0.11 V (n = 2) to +0.42 V (n = 10). Stable radical anions of Sc(3)N@C(80)(CF(3))(n) were generated in solution and characterized by ESR spectroscopy, revealing their (45)Sc hyperfine structure. Facile further functionalizations via cycloadditions or radical additions were achieved for trifluoromethylated Sc(3)N@C(80) making them attractive versatile platforms for the design of molecular and supramolecular materials of fundamental and practical importance.

A well-defined silica-supported tungsten oxo alkylidene is a highly active alkene metathesis catalyst.

Grafting (ArO)2W(═O)(═CHtBu) (ArO = 2,6-mesitylphenoxide) on partially dehydroxylated silica forms mostly [(≡SiO)W(═O)(═CHtBu)(OAr)] along with minor amounts of [(≡SiO)W(═O)(CH2tBu)(OAr)2] (20%), both fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopies. The well-defined oxo alkylidene surface complex [(≡SiO)W(═O)(═CHtBu)OAr] is among the most active heterogeneous metathesis catalysts reported to date in the self-metathesis of cis-4-nonene and ethyl oleate, in sharp contrast to the classical heterogeneous catalysts based on WO3/SiO2.

(BB)-Carboryne Complex of Ruthenium: Synthesis by Double B–H Activation at a Single Metal Center

The first example of a transition metal (BB)-carboryne complex containing two boron atoms of the icosahedral cage connected to a single exohedral metal center (POBBOP)Ru(CO)2 (POBBOP = 1,7-OP(i-Pr)2-2,6-dehydro-m-carborane) was synthesized by double B–H activation within the strained m-carboranyl pincer framework. Theoretical calculations revealed that the unique three-membered (BB)>Ru metalacycle is formed by two bent B–Ru σ-bonds with the concomitant increase of the bond order between the two metalated boron atoms. The reactivity of the highly strained electron-rich (BB)-carboryne fragment with small molecules was probed by reactions with electrophiles. The carboryne–carboranyl transformations reported herein represent a new mode of cooperative metal–ligand reactivity of boron-based complexes.

Latent porosity in potassium dodecafluoro-closo-dodecaborate(2-). Structures and rapid room temperature interconversions of crystalline K2B12F12, K2(H2O)2B12F12, and K2(H2O)4B12F12 in the presence of water vapor.

Structures of K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12) and K(2)(H(2)O)(4)B(12)F(12) were determined by X-ray diffraction. They contain [K(μ-H(2)O)(2)K](2+) and [(H(2)O)K(μ-H(2)O)(2)K(H(2)O)](2+) dimers, respectively, which interact with superweak B(12)F(12)(2-) anions via multiple K···F(B) interactions and (O)H···F(B) hydrogen bonds (the dimers in K(2)(H(2)O)(4)B(12)F(12) are also linked by (O)H···O hydrogen bonds). DFT calculations show that both dimers are thermodynamically stabilized by the lattice of anions: the predicted ΔE values for the gas-phase dimerization of two K(H(2)O)(+) or K(H(2)O)(2)(+) cations into [K(μ-H(2)O)(2)K](2+) or [(H(2)O)K(μ-H(2)O)(2)K(H(2)O)](2+) are +232 and +205 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The calculations also predict that ΔE for the gas-phase reaction 2 K(+) + 2 H(2)O → [K(μ-H(2)O)(2)K](2+) is +81.0 kJ mol, whereas ΔH for the reversible reaction K(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) + 2 H(2)O((g)) → K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) was found to be -111 kJ mol(-1) by differential scanning calorimetry. The K(2)(H(2)O)(0,2,4)B(12)F(12) system is unusual in how rapidly the three crystalline phases (the K(2)B(12)F(12) structure was reported recently) are interconverted, two of them reversibly. Isothermal gravimetric and DSC measurements showed that the reaction K(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) + 2 H(2)O((g)) → K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) was complete in as little as 4 min at 25 °C when the sample was exposed to a stream of He or N(2) containing 21 Torr H(2)O((g)). The endothermic reverse reaction required as little as 18 min when K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12) at 25 °C was exposed to a stream of dry He. The products of hydration and dehydration were shown to be crystalline K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12) and K(2)B(12)F(12), respectively, by PXRD, and therefore these reactions are reconstructive solid-state reactions (there is also evidence that they may be single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations when carried out very slowly). The hydration and dehydration reaction times were both particle-size dependent and carrier-gas flow rate dependent and continued to decrease up to the maximum carrier-gas flow rate of the TGA instrument that was used, demonstrating that the hydration and dehydration reactions were limited by the rate at which H(2)O((g)) was delivered to or swept away from the microcrystal surfaces. Therefore, the rates of absorption and desorption of H(2)O from unit cells at the surface of the microcrystals, and the rate of diffusion of H(2)O across the moving K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12 (s))/K(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) phase boundary, are even faster than the fastest rates of change in sample mass due to hydration and dehydration that were measured. The exchange of 21 Torr H(2)O((g)) with either D(2)O or H(2)(18)O in microcrystalline K(2)(D(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12) or K(2)(H(2)(18)O)(2)B(12)F(12) at 25 °C was also facile and required as little as 45 min to go to completion (H(2)O((g)) replaced both types of isotopically labeled water at the same rate for a given starting sample of K(2)B(12)F(12), demonstrating that water molecules were exchanging, not protons. Significant portions of mass (m) vs time (t) plots for the (1,2)H(2)O((g))/K(2)((2,1)H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12 (s)) exchange reactions fit the equation m ∝ e(-kt), with 10(3)k = 1.9 s(-1) for one particle size distribution and 10(3)k = 0.50 s(-1) for another. Finally, K(2)(H(2)O)(2)B(12)F(12) was not transformed into K(2)(H(2)O)(4)B(12)F(12) after prolonged exposure to 21 Torr H(2)O((g)) at 25 °C, 37 Torr H(2)O((g)) at 35 °C, or 55 Torr H(2)O((g)) at 45 °C.

Cage Opening of a Carborane Ligand by Metal Cluster Complexes

The reaction of Os3 (CO)10 (NCMe)2 with closo-o-C2 B10 H10 has yielded two interconvertible isomers Os3 (CO)9 (μ3 -4,5,9-C2 B10 H8 )(μ-H)2 (1 a) and Os3 (CO)9 (μ3 -3,4,8-C2 B10 H8 )(μ-H)2 (1 b) formed by the loss of the two NCMe ligands and one CO ligand from the Os3 cluster. Two BH bonds of the o-C2 B10 H10 were activated in its addition to the osmium cluster. A second triosmium cluster was added to the 1 a/1 b mixture to yield the complex Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)2 (μ3 -4,5,9-μ3 -7,11,12-C2 B10 H7 )Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)3 (2) that contains two triosmium triangles attached to the same carborane cage. When heated, 2 was transformed to the complex Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H)(μ3 -3,4,8-μ3 -7,11,12-C2 B10 H8 )Os3 (CO)9 (μ-H) (3) by a novel opening of the carborane cage with loss of H2 .

Synthesis of the first example of the 12‐vertex‐closo‐12‐vertex‐nido biscarborane cluster by a metal‐free B‐H activation at a phosphorus(III) center.

An unusual 12-vertex-closo-C2 B10 /12-vertex-nido-C2 B10 biscarborane cluster was synthesized through an unprecedented regioselective metal-free B-H activation by a sterically hindered P(III) center under mild conditions accompanied by cage-opening rearrangement. A combination of the electron-accepting properties of a carborane cage and steric enforcement of close interatomic contacts represent a new synthetic strategy for the activation of strong B-H bonds in carboranes.

X-ray structure and DFT study of C1-C60(CF3)12. A high-energy, kinetically-stable isomer prepared at 500 °C

The title compound, prepared from C60 and CF3I at 500 °C, exhibits an unusual fullerene(X)12 addition pattern that is 40 kJ mol−1 less stable than the previously reported C60(CF3)12 isomer.

Synthesis of a TREN in Which the Aryl Substituents are Part of a 45 Atom Macrocycle

A substituted TREN has been prepared in which the aryl groups in (ArylNHCH2CH2)3N are substituted at the 3- and 5-positions with a total of six OCH2(CH2)nCH═CH2 groups (n = 1, 2, 3). Molybdenum nitride complexes, [(ArylNCH2CH2)3N]Mo(N), have been isolated as adducts that contain B(C6F5)3 bound to the nitride. Two of these [(ArylNCH2CH2)3N]Mo(NB(C6F5)3) complexes (n = 1 and 3) were crystallographically characterized. After removal of the borane from [(ArylNCH2CH2)3N]Mo(NB(C6F5)3) with PMe3, ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) was employed to join the aryl rings with OCH2(CH2)nCH═CH(CH2)nCH2O links (n = 1-3) between them. RCM worked best with a W(O)(CHCMe3)(Me2Pyr)(OHMT)(PMe2Ph) catalyst (OHMT = hexamethylterphenoxide, Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) and n = 3. The macrocyclic ligand was removed from the metal through hydrolysis and isolated in 70-75% yields relative to the borane adducts. Crystallographic characterization showed that the macrocyclic TREN ligand in which n = 3 contains three cis double bonds. Hydrogenation produced a TREN in which the three links are saturated, i.e., O(CH2)10O.