Dmytro Havrylyuk

Synthesis of novel thiazolone-based compounds containing pyrazoline moiety and evaluation of their anticancer activity

To examine the anticancer activity several novel thiazolone-based compounds containing 5-aryl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl framework were obtained. Reaction of 5-aryl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole with 4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinone or 2-carbethoxymethylthio-2-thiazoline-4-one yielded starting 4- (1 and 2) or 2-substituted (11 and 12) thiazolones which were utilized in Knoevenagel condensation for obtaining a series of 5-arylidene derivatives 3-10, 13-18. Alternatively 11, 12 and their 5-arylidene derivatives were synthesized by means of 3-phenyl-5-aryl-1-thiocarbamoyl-2-pyrazoline as S,N-binucleophile via [2+3]-cyclocondensation approach. The structures of compounds were determined by (1)H, (13)C NMR, LC-MS, EI-MS and X-ray analysis. The in vitro anticancer activity of synthesized compounds were tested by the National Cancer Institute and most of them displayed anticancer activity on leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Relations between structure and activity are discussed, the most efficient anticancer compound 16 was found to be active with selective influence on colon cancer cell lines, especially on HT 29 (logGI(50)=-6.37).

Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of 4-thiazolidinones containing benzothiazole moiety

Antitumor screening of several novel 4-thiazolidinones with benzothiazole moiety has been performed. Reactions of (benzothiazole-2-yl)hydrazine with trithiocarbonyl diglycolic acid or 6-methyl-2-aminobenzothiazole with 2-carbethoxymethylthio-2-thiazoline-4-one have yielded starting 3- (1) or 2-substituted (11) 4-thiazolidinones which have been subsequently utilized in a Knoevenagel condensation for obtaining a series of 5-arylidene derivatives 2-10, 12-16. Compound 11 has been obtained alternatively by a counter synthesis method based on the reaction of 2-chloro-N-(6-methylbenzothiazol-2-yl)-acetamide and ammonium thiocyanate. The structures of compounds have been determined by (1)H, (13)C NMR, IR and X-ray analysis. In vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was tested by the National Cancer Institute and two (6, 16) of them has revealed the anticancer activity on leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, renal, prostate and breast cancers cell lines. Among tested compounds, 2-{2-[3-(benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidenemethyl]-4-chlorophenoxy}-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-acetamide (6) was found to be the most active candidate with average logGI(50) and logTGI values -5.38 and -4.45 respectively.

Synthesis of New 4-Thiazolidinone-, Pyrazoline-, and Isatin-Based Conjugates with Promising Antitumor Activity

The synthesis and antitumor activity screening of novel 3-[2-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ones 1-23 and 3-(3,5-diarylpyrazol-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ones 24-39 are performed. In vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was tested by the National Cancer Institute. Most of them displayed anticancer activity on leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers cell lines. The structure-activity relationship is discussed. The most effective anticancer compound 10 was found to be active with mean GI₅₀ and TGI values of 0.071 μM and 0.76 μM, respectively. It demonstrated the highest antiproliferative influence on the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line HOP-92 (GI₅₀ < 0.01 μM), colon cancer line HCT-116 (GI₅₀ = 0.018 μM), CNS cancer cell line SNB-75 (GI₅₀ = 0.0159 μM), ovarian cancer cell line NCI/ADR-RES (GI₅₀ = 0.0169 μM), and renal cancer cell line RXF 393 (GI₅₀ = 0.0197 μM).

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Isatin-Based Pyrazolines and Thiazolidines Conjugates

The synthesis and antitumor activity screening of novel isatin based conjugates with thiazolidine and pyrazoline moieties were performed. Reaction of 3,5‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydropyrazoles with chloroacetyl chloride yielded starting 2‐chloro‐1‐(3,5‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydropyrazol‐1‐yl)‐ethanones which were utilized in alkylation of isatin and 5‐bromoisatin. Thus, corresponding 1‐[2‐(3,5‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydropyrazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl]‐1H‐indole‐2,3‐diones (1a–1d) have been obtained. The compounds 1a–1d have been used in Knoevenagel condensation with 4‐thiazolidinones for obtaining a series of 5‐ylidenederivatives 2a–2f and 3a–3d. The synthesized compounds were tested for their anticancer activity in NCI60 cell lines. Among the tested compounds, 5‐bromo‐1‐{2‐[5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazol‐1‐yl]‐2‐oxoethyl}‐1H‐indole‐2,3‐dione (1d) was found to be the most active candidate with selective influence on leukemia subpanel tumor cell lines with GI50 values range of 0.69–3.35 µM.

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Nonfused Bicyclic Thiazolidinone Derivatives

A series of new 2-{4-oxo-2-[(4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidin-5-yl}-N-arylacetamides ( 4a–e ), 5-(2-oxo-2-aryl-ethyl)-2-[(4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidine-4-ones ( 5a–d ), 2-(4-oxo-2-[(2-oxothiazolidin-4-ylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidin-5-yl)-N-arylacetamides ( 7a–e ), and 5-(2-oxo-2-aryl-ethyl)-2-[(2-oxothiazolidin-4-ylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidine-4-ones ( 8a–d ) have been synthesized starting from 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one and 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one through a multistep reaction sequence. 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-one was alkylated via the intermediate formation of the triethylammonium salt 1 by ethyl chloroacetate. Compound 2 and 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one reacted with thiosemicarbazides to give the 1-(4-thiazolidinone-2-ylidene)-4-R-thiosemicarbazones ( 3a,b ) and 1-(2-thiazolidinone-4-ylidene)thiosemicarbazones ( 6a,b ), respectively. Following [2+3]-cyclization of thiazolidinone-substituted thiosemicarbazones ( 3a,b and 6a,b) with N-arylmaleimides and aroylacrylic acids as equivalents of dielectrophilic synthon [C2]2 +, novel non-fused bicyclic thiazolidinones ( 4a–e, 5a–d, 7a–e, 8a–d ) were synthesized. The structures of the new compounds ( 4a–e, 5a–d, 7a–e, 8a–d ) were established on the basis of their elemental analysis and 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Eight of the synthesized compounds were tested, and three of them displayed different levels of antitumor activity. The most efficient antitumor agent—2-{4-oxo-3-furylmethyl-2-[(4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazono]-thiazolidin-5-yl}-N-4-chlorophenylacetamide ( 4d ) was found to be active against leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancer cell lines with mean lgGI50 and lgTGI values of –5.35 and –4.78, respectively.

Bradykinin antagonists and thiazolidinone derivatives as new potential anti-cancer compounds

Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive brain tumour, and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare but very aggressive type of lymphoma, are highly resistant to chemotherapy. GB and MCL chemotherapy gives very modest results, the vast majority of patients experience recurrent disease. To find out the new treatment modality for drug-resistant GB and MCL cells, combining of bradykinin (BK) antagonists with conventional temozolomide (TMZ) treatment, and screening of thiazolidinones derivatives were the main objectives of this work. As it was revealed here, BKM-570 was the lead compound among BK antagonists under investigation (IC50 was 3.3 μM) in human GB cells. It strongly suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. BK antagonists did not decrease the viability of MCL cells, thus showing the cell-specific mode, while thiazolidinone derivatives, a novel group of promising anti-tumour compounds inhibited proliferation of MCL cells: IC₅₀ of ID 4526 and ID 4527 compounds were 0.27 μM and 0.16 μM, correspondingly. However, single agents are often not effective in clinic due to activation of collateral pathways in tumour cells. We demonstrated a strong synergistic effect after combinatorial treatment by BKM-570 together with TMZ that drastically increased cytotoxic action of this drug in rat and human glioma cells. Small proportion of cells was still viable after such treatment that could be explained by presence of TMZ-resistant cells in the population. It is possible to expect that the combined therapy aimed simultaneously at different elements of tumourigenesis will be more effective with lower drug concentrations than the first-line drug temozolomide used alone in clinics.

Computational Search for Possible Mechanisms of 4-Thiazolidinones Anticancer Activity: The Power of Visualization.

Public databases of NCI‐60 tumor cell line screen results and measurements of molecular targets in the NCI‐60 panel give the opportunity to assign possible anticancer mechanism to compounds with positive outcome from antitumor assay. Here, the novel protocol of NCI databases mining where inferences are based on the visualization is presented and utilized with the aim to identify putative biological routes of 4‐thiazolidinones anticancer effect. As a result, highly potent 4‐thiazolidinone‐pyrazoline‐isatin conjugates show the similarity of activity patterns with puromycin and CBU‐028 and their pattern is also highly correlated with fraction of methylated CpG sites in CD34, AF5q31 and SYK. Several compounds from this group show strong negative correlation with fraction of methylated CpG sites in HOXA5. Thiopyrano[2,3‐d][1,3]thiazol‐2‐ones bearing naphtoquinone fragment were found to possess the same activity pattern as fusarubin does. But none of the studied 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives has activity fingerprint similar to standard anticancer agents. The obtained results bring medicinal chemistry closer to the understanding of basic nature of 4‐thiazolidinones effect on cancer cells.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ISATIN, OXADIAZOLE AND 4-THIAZOLIDINONE BASED CONJUGATES

Following the N-alkylation reaction of starting 2-chloro-N-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-acetamides 1a-c with 2,4-thiazolidinedione or 5-sudstituted isatins the corresponding non-condensed oxadiazole derivatives with thiazolidine 2a-c or isatin 4a-h fragments were synthesized. The obtained compounds have been used in Knoevenagel condensation with 5 R-isatin (for 2a-c) or 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (for 4a-h) for synthesis of the appropriate 5-ylidenederivatives 3a-g, 5a-k and 6a-d. Anticancer activity of eight synthesized compounds was evaluated toward 60 human tumor cell lines panel in National Cancer Institute.