Domenico Schiano Lomoriello

Efficacy of topical plus intracameral anesthesia for cataract surgery in high myopia: Randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of intracameral lidocaine supplementation of topical anesthesia during cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale San Pietro–Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy. METHODS: This prospective double‐blind study comprised 120 highly myopic eyes with an axial length (AL) greater than 26.0 mm scheduled for routine cataract surgery. Cases were divided into 2 groups of 60 eyes each. One group received a placebo of balanced salt solution (BSS) (control group) and the other group, a supplement of 0.1 mL preservative‐free lidocaine hydrochloride 1% injected in the capsular bag during hydrodissection (lidocaine group). Intraoperative pain was assessed by recording spontaneous patient reports of sensation of pain or ocular discomfort during 3 surgical stages: phaco tip insertion, irrigation/aspiration (I/A) system insertion for cortical aspiration, I/A system insertion for ophthalmic viscosurgical device removal after intraocular lens implantation. Postoperative pain was assessed on a visual analog scale (range 0 to 10). Data were compared by chi‐square and Mann‐Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The overall mean AL was 28.58 mm (28.57 mm control group; 28.50 mm lidocaine group). Fewer patients in the lidocaine group reported intraoperative pain, ocular discomfort, or tissue manipulation (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.16‐0.80; P = .019). The mean postoperative pain score was 1.88 ± 2.17 (SD) in the control group and 1.36 ± 2.02 in the lidocaine group; the difference was not statistically significant (P = .21). CONCLUSION: Intracameral lidocaine supplementation for cataract surgery may improve intraoperative comfort under topical anesthesia in highly myopic eyes.

Corneal asphericity and IOL power calculation in eyes with aspherical IOLs

PURPOSE Given that a previous study found that corneal asphericity influences the refractive outcome of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation by means of thin-lens formulas in eyes with spherical IOLs, the authors aimed to verify whether such influence can also be observed in eyes with aspherical IOLs. METHODS In this retrospective comparative case series, IOL power was calculated with the Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas in two groups of eyes undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation of an aspherical IOL (Acrysof SN60WF; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). For each formula, the refractive prediction error was calculated once the constants had been optimized. Biometric data were obtained by partial coherence interferometry in one group and immersion ultrasound biometry and corneal topography in the other. Corneal asphericity was assessed by two different corneal topographers in the optical biometry group (Magellan; Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) and ultrasound biometry group (Keratron, Optikon 2000 Spa, Rome, Italy). RESULTS The mean Q-value was -0.12 ± 0.08 in the optical biometry group (n = 51) and -0.22 ± 0.14 in the ultrasound biometry group (n = 79). In both groups, linear regression disclosed a statistically significant correlation between the Q-value and the prediction error (the only exception being the SRK/T formula). More negative Q-values were correlated to a positive prediction error, indicating a myopic outcome for prolate corneas. However, the correlation coefficients were lower than those previously reported for spherical IOLs. CONCLUSIONS Corneal asphericity also influences the refractive outcomes of IOL power calculation by thinlens formulas when aspherical IOLs are implanted, although this influence is exerted to a lesser degree compared to spherical IOLs. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(7):476-481.].

Simulated Keratometry Versus Total Corneal Power by Ray Tracing: A Comparison in Prediction Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between corneal powers measured by simulated keratometry (Sim-K) and ray tracing and understand whether their difference influences intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. Methods: In a first sample of healthy eyes, corneal curvature was measured using a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Sirius, CSO). Sim-K was obtained from anterior corneal curvature using the 1.3375 keratometric index. Ray tracing was performed through both corneal surfaces to calculate the total corneal power (TCP). The difference between Sim-K and TCP was correlated with various parameters. In a second sample of patients undergoing cataract surgery, IOL power was subsequently calculated using both Sim-K and TCP. Results: In the first sample (114 eyes), Sim-K (43.64 ± 1.44 D) was higher than TCP (43.07 ± 1.41 D, P < 0.0001); the difference ranged between 0.07 and 1.95 D and correlated with the anterior/posterior (A/P) ratio (r = 0.7292, P < 0.0001), which ranged between 1.10 and 1.30. In the second sample (107 eyes), the A/P ratio influenced the outcomes of the Holladay 1 and SRK/T, but not Haigis and Hoffer Q formulas. However, using TCP, which takes the A/P ratio into account, did not improve the prediction error of any formula. Conclusions: Sim-K provides a higher corneal power compared with TCP. This difference is not constant but depends on the A/P ratio and can influence the refractive outcome of IOL power calculation by theoretical formulas. However, TCP values do not improve the results of these formulas, as they were developed for keratometric values such as Sim-K.

Customized Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in Eyes with Cataract and Corneal Astigmatism after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty: A Prospective Study

Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) for treating corneal astigmatism in patients with cataract and previous deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Setting San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy. Design Prospective interventional case series. Methods Patients undergoing cataract surgery after DALK for keratoconus were enrolled. Total corneal astigmatism (TCA) was assessed by a rotating Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido-disk corneal topography (Sirius; CSO, Firenze, Italy). A customized toric IOL (FIL 611 T, Soleko, Rome, Italy) was implanted in all eyes. One year postoperatively, refraction was measured, the IOL position was recorded, and vectorial and nonvectorial analyses were performed to evaluate the correction of astigmatism. Results Ten eyes of 10 patients were analyzed. The mean preoperative TCA magnitude was 4.92 ± 1.99 diopters (D), and the mean cylinder of the IOL was 6.18 ± 2.44. After surgery, the difference between the planned axis of orientation of the IOL and the observed axis was ≤10° in all eyes. The mean surgically induced corneal astigmatism was 0.35 D at 20°. The mean postoperative refractive astigmatism power was 1.13 ± 0.94 D; with respect to preoperative TCA, the reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The mean change in astigmatism power was 3.80 ± 1.60 D, corresponding to a correction of 77% of preoperative TCA power. Nine eyes out of 10 had a postoperative refractive astigmatism power ≤ 2D. Conclusions Toric IOLs can effectively correct corneal astigmatism in eyes with previous DALK. The predictability of cylinder correction is partially lowered by the variability of the surgically induced changes of TCA. This trial is registered with NCT03398109.

Vector analysis after toric intraocular lens implantation to correct astigmatism

fruste keratoconus. This entirely accounts for the progression of preexisting corneal ectasia after structural modification (lenticule removal) induced by surgery. Moreover, it would have been useful to perform in such cases other complementary corneal examinations, including RSB analysis with optical coherence tomography and corneal hysteresis or corneal resistance factor measured by Scheimpflug-based dynamic tonometry. In conclusion, in view of these considerations, I would suggest modifying the article title, underlining the presence of preexisting keratoconus, for example “Bilateral ectasia after femtosecond laser–assisted small-incision lenticule extraction in a patient with preexisting topographic keratoconus.”

Bilateral cone density distribution analyzed with a compact adaptive optics ophthalmoscope

Parafoveal photoreceptor packing distribution was evidenced to be correlated between fellow eyes in 12 subjects. The systematic mirror symmetric cone packing distribution may be involved in the first step of binocular visual signal processing

Bilateral cone density distribution analyzed with a compact Adaptive Optics ophthalmoscope

Parafoveal photoreceptor packing distribution was evidenced to be correlated between fellow eyes in 12 subjects. The systematic mirror symmetric cone packing distribution may be involved in the first step of binocular visual signal processing