Don Allen Doutre

Dimensionless correlations for forced convection in liquid metals: Part II. two-phase flow

AbstractAn experimental technique has been developed to study the convective heat-transfer characteristics of gas-agitated liquid metals. A sphere made from the same metal as the liquid metal under investigation is immersed in the center axis of the plume. The melting time of this sphere is detected, and from this time, the convective heat-transfer characteristics of the metal bath are deduced. Based on a variety of experimental results, a dimensionless correlation was deduced. This equation has the following form: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaadaqdaa% qaaGqaaiaa-5eacaWF1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadseaaeqaaaaakiabg2da% 9iaaikdacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaGimamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaG% inaiaac6cacaaI4aGaaGymaiaaiEdaaaGccqGHxdaTciGGsbGaaiyz% amaaDaaaleaacaWGebaabaGaaGymaiaac6cacaaI1aGaaGynaiaaiA% daaaaakeaacaaIYaGaaG4naiaaiMdacaaI3aGaeyizImQaciOuaiaa% cwgadaWgaaWcbaGaamiraaqabaGccqGHKjYOcaaI3aGaaGymaiaais% dacaaI4aGaaiilaerbbjxAHXgaiuaacaGFGaGaciiuaiaackhacqGH% ijYUcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaicdacaaIXaGaaGinaaaaaa!60DF!

Velocity Measurement in High Temperature Liquid Metals Using Calibration Results From the Annular Channel

\begin{gathered} \overline {Nu_D } = 2 + 10^{ - 4.817} \times \operatorname{Re} _D^{1.556} \hfill \\ 2797 \leqslant \operatorname{Re} _D \leqslant 7148, \Pr \approx 0.014 \hfill \\ \end{gathered}

Probe for determination of gas concentration in molten metal

Two-phase flow and single-phase flow convective heat-transfer comparisons were made. It was found that for the same Reynolds number, the heat-transfer characteristics for two-phase flow are larger than for the single-phase flow. It was also found that the larger turbulence intensity of the two-phase flow is responsible for this difference in the heat-transfer characteristics. Implications of this observation for liquid metals processing operations are discussed.

Probe for the determination of gas concentration in molten metal

The control of metal cleanliness is an essential part of the production of critical alloys. The measurement of metal cleanliness is complicated by the nonuniformity of the distribution of nonmetallic inclusions and by the extremely low concentrations encountered in most wrought aluminium alloys.

Method and apparatus for the determination of gas concentration in molten metal and metal matrix composites

AbstractIn this paper, a calibration procedure using the annular channel unit for measuring velocity in high temperature liquid metals is presented. In this calibration procedure, the sphere probe is held stationary in a metal bath, which is moving past the sphere with known velocity. The melting time of a sphere in liquid aluminum was determined by using a load cell to detect precisely the immersion of the sphere into the metal bath, and by utilizing a thermocouple strategically located to determine the melting time of the sphere. It was shown that aluminum spheres with 3.5 cm diameter exhibit better sensitivity in measuring liquid aluminum velocity than spheres of 3.0 and 2.5 cm diameters. The relationship between aluminum velocity and sphere melting time appears to be linear for the range of velocities 0–40 cm/s. Above this range the linear relationship ceased to exist. The comparisons between the results of the annular channel unit calibration procedure, and the results obtained from the calibration p...