Don R. Reynolds

Ascomycete systematics. The Luttrellian concept.

1 The Luttrellian Concept: Introductory Remarks.- The Concept.- This Volume.- References.- The Ascus.- 2 The Ascus with an Apical Pore: Development, Composition, and function.- The Ascus Wall.- The Apical Apparatus.- Ascus Function.- General Conclusions.- References.- 3 The Operculate Ascus and Allied Forms.- The Ascus Form.- Ascus Function.- Ascus Types.- General Conclusions.- References.- 4 The Bitunicate Ascus.- Ascus Form.- Ascus Function.- General Conclusions.- References.- 5 The Lecanoralean Ascus: An Ultrastructural Preliminary Study.- Ascus Types.- General Conclusions.- References.- The Centrum.- 6 The Plectomycete Centrum.- A Taxonomic Scheme.- General Conclusions.- References.- 7 The Discomycete Centrum.- The Ascogonium.- The Hymenium.- General Conclusions.- References.- 8 The Ascocarps of Ascohymenial Pyrenomycetes.- Ascocarp Components.- Ascocarp Types.- Developmental Types.- General Conclusions.- References.- 9 The Pyrenomycete Centrum-Loculoascomycetes.- Ascocarp Origins.- Developmental Patterns.- General Conclusions.- References.- 10 The Lecanoralean Centrum.- Main Lines of Ascocarp Development.- General Conclusions.- References.

Wall structure of a bitunicate ascus

SummaryThe bitunicate ascus develops in two stages prior to ascospore formation: 1) initial growth and expansion of the ascus mother-cell, and 2) deposition of a secondary wall layer, the endotunica, within the outer primary wall layer, the ectotunica. The layers of the bitunicate ascus are composed of microfibrils embedded in an amorphous matrix. The ectotunica and the endotunica differonly in the arrangement of the microfibrils. The primary wall layer is deposited during growth and expansion of the ascus mother-cell; the microfibrils are parallel to the ascus-protoplast surface. The secondary wall layer is deposited after the ascus mother-cell has fully expanded and before ascospore formation; the microfibrils are arranged in a banded pattern. Expansion of the ascus wall during ascospore expulsion is accomplished by a rapid reorientation of the microfibrils of the secondary layer.

Capnodium citri: The sooty mold fungi comprising the taxon concept

The common use of the name Capnodium citri to represent several species of sooty mold fungi is reviewed. Analysis of sooty mold specimens from Citrus in Florida found the species Antennariella californica and Chaetobolisia falcata with spherical fruitbodies and Caldariomyces fumago and Polychaeton citri with elongate fruitbodies. It is recommended that use of the name Capnodium citri for sooty mold on Citrus and ornamental plants is to be avoided because of its use for a number of species and on nomenclatural grounds.

The bitunicate ascus paradigm

The bitunicate ascus paradigm recognized by E. S. Luttrell is reviewed. Species demonstrated to fit the paradigm are listed. Attempts to redefine the bitunicate ascus with functional as well as structural characters are outlined including Chadefaud’sTrois Catégories d’Ascomycetes, Sherwood’s Unusual Ascus Types, Bellemère’sCouche Plan, and Eriksson’s Ascus Dehiscence Types. Discussion of related topics include: (1) Characteristics of the bitunicate ascus including sequential wall formation, separation of wall regions at ascospore ejaculation, thenasse apicale, and the “banded pattern” of the secondary wall layer; (2) Ascus morphology types based on characters observable with the light microscope; and (3) Ascostromatic species designated bitunicate that deviate from the bitunicate ascus paradigm and yet are not structurally similar to the unitunicate ascomycetes. The separation of two wall regions at spore ejaculation is recognized as the single criterion for the bitunicate ascus sensu stricto (=fissitunicate).AbstraitLe paradigme de l’asque bituniqué admis par E. S. Luttrell est revu et une liste des espèces qui manifestent ce paradigme est preséntée. Les essais de définer l’asque bituniqué par des caractères fonctionnels autant que des caractères structurais ont été tentés, viz., Chadefaud (“Trois Catégories d’Ascomycètes”), Sherwood (“Unusual Ascus Types”), Bellemère (“Couche Plan”), et Eriksson (“Ascus Dehiscence Types”). Des caractères de l’asque bituniqué sont presentés, comme la formation en ordre de la paroi, la séparation des régions de la paroi à l’éjaculation de l’ascospore, la nasse apicale, et aussi, la couche secondaire avec l’aspect bien strié. Les types morphologiques de l’asque que se fondent sur les caractères observables par le microscope de la lumière sont discutés. On présente une revue des espèces qui sont désignées “bituniqués”, mais qui devient du paradigme de l’asque bituniqué, en même temps qu’elles ne sont pas similaries aux ascomycetes unituniqués. La séparation de deux régiones de la paroi d’asque à l’éjaculation de l’ascospore est le seul critérium acceptée pour definer l’asque bituniqué sensu stricto (=fissitunquée).

The Sooty Mold Ascomycete Genus Limacinula

SUMMARYThe taxonomic history of Limacinula and its relationship to Phaeosaccardinula is reviewed. In a monographic study of the genus, six species are recognized: L. anomala, L. butleri, L. javanic...

A New Perichaena with Reticulate Spores

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ON THE USE OF HYPHAL MORPHOLOGY IN THE TAXONOMY OF SOOTY MOLD ASCOMYCETES

Summary Hyphal morphology has been used by various authors to define sooty mold Ascomycete taxa and to establish pleomorphic relationships between sexually and asexually reproducing species occurring together in a naturally developed colony. Evidence is presented to indicate that the presence of hyphal ornamentation is an unreliable taxonomic character. Reports in the literature of pleomorphic relationships based on culture work are reviewed. It is concluded that experimental evidence must be obtained to support taxonomic use of hyphal morphology data taken from sooty mold colonies developed in Nature.