Donald G. Buth

Allozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships of Asian, North American, and European populations of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

gastropod-eating snake genera, Tropidodipsas and Sibon. J. Herp. 19:84-92. 1. 1990. Systematics of Neotropical gastropodeating snakes: the dimidiata group of the genus Sibon, with comments on the nebulata group. Amphibia-Reptilia 11:207-223. LEVITON, A. E., R. H. GIBBS, JR., E. HEAL, AND C. E. DAWSON. 1985 Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia 1985:802-832. MijLLER, F. 1887. Fiinfter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel 8:249-296.

Isozyme Variability in the Cyprinid Genus Campostoma

MOYLE, P. B. 1976. Inland fishes of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. NASH, D. 1895. The inferior pharyngeal teeth of Ditrema laterale and Damalichthys argyrosomus. Ore. State Agri. Coll., Lab. Stud. 1:4. NOLF, D. 1974. De teleostei-otolieten uit het eoceen van het belgisch bekken-reconstructie van de fauna en biostratigrafische toepassing. Rijksuniversiteit Gent. SAVAGE, D. E. 1955. Nonmarine lower Pliocene sediments in California. A geochronologic-stratigraphic classification. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci. 31:1-26. STINTON, F. C. 1956. Fish otoliths from the London Clay Bognor Regis, Sussex. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 67:15-31. 1966. Fish otoliths from the London Clay, p. 404-478. In: Faune ichthyologique du London Clay. E. Casier (ed.). Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London.

Evolutionary Genetics and Systematic Relationships in the Catostomid Genus Hypentelium

f. taeniata Cope. Fla. Sc. 42:102-112. , AND M. K. DUNSON. 1979. A possible new salt gland in a marine homalopsid snake (Cerberus rhynchops). Copeia 1979:661-672. --, AND G. D. ROBINSON. 1976. Sea snake skin: permeable to water but not to sodium. J. Comp. Physiol. 108:303-311. JOHNSON, O. W. 1974. Relative thickness of the renal medulla in birds. J. Morph. 142:277-284. KOCHMAN, H. I. 1977. Differentiation and hybridization in the Natrixfasciata complex (Reptilia: Serpentes): a nonmorphological approach. Unpubl. MS Thesis. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. KRAKAUER, T. 1970. The ecological and physiological control of water loss. Unpubl. PhD Thesis. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. NEILL, W. T. 1958. The occurrence of amphibians and reptiles in salt water areas; and a bibliography. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf. Carib. 8:1-97. PETTUS, D. 1956. Ecol gical barriers to gene exchange in the common water nake (Natrix sipedon). Unpubl. PhD Thesis. Univ. of Texas, Austin. 1958. Water relationships in Natrix sipedon. Copeia 1958:207-211. 1963. Salinity and subspeciation in Natrix sipedon. Copeia 1963:499-504. POULSON, T. L., AND G. A. BARTHOLOMEW. 1962. Salt balance in the savannah sparrow. Physiol. Zool. 35:109-119. ROBINSON, G. D., AND W. A. DUNSON. 1976. Water and sodium balance in the estuarine diamondback

The Relationships of the Anolis crislatellus Species Group: Electrophoretic Analysis

Anolis cristatellus is a widespread, familiar lizard of the Puerto Rico Bank, comprised of Puerto Rico and associated islands to the east including all the Virgin Islands (except St. Croix). Several other species on Puerto Rico or adjacent islands have, at times, been considered conspecific with A. cristatellus. These have been placed in the A. cristatellus species group by Williams (1976) in his taxonomic and evolutionary summary of West Indian anoles. In this paper we present data from starch gel electrophoresis on a variety of protein systems to analyze aspects of geographic variation within A. cristatellus and to discuss the relationships of the species in the group. Detailed discussion of heterozygosity within populations will be presented in a separate paper dealing with the entire anoline fauna of the Puerto Rico Bank.

Genetic Divergence Between Anolis carolinensis and its Cuban Progenitor, Anolis porcatus

An electrophoretic comparison was made between Anolis carolinensis from Texas and Georgia and Anolis porcatus from Cuba. At five of 35 presumptive gene loci the Cuban population may be distinguished from the North American population. The Nei genetic distance (o) estimate between the Cuban and North American populations is 0.165 which is slightly above interpopulation, intraspecific distances that have been measured in other lizards. A molecular clock prediction of a Pliocene date of colonization of North America by a Cuban porcatus stock is congruent with a divergence time estimate based on immunological data.

The use of isozyme characters in systematic studies

Abstract Several classes of isozyme characters are recognized including the number of genes that control a given enzyme system, intralocus and interlocus heteropolymer assembly, tissue-specific gene expression, developmental patterns of enzyme expression, and post-translational modification of gene products. All of these characters can be of value in systematic studies although few applications have been made to date; some of the more robust examples are recognized. Isozyme characters should be evaluated in terms of both their advantages and limitations. The level of universality at which they are used is group-specific. Tissue-specific gene expression data may be of the widest applicability in systematic studies.

Allozymes of the Cyprinid Fishes

The cyprinid fishes comprise a major element of the ichthyofauna of Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. More than 1600 species in over 275 genera make the Cyprinidae the most speciose of fish families (Nelson, 1976). Cyprinid fishes have been the subject of several allozyme studies. However, given the number of species in the family, cyprinids have been underrepresented in such studies to date. Nevertheless, cyprinids have contributed to our understanding of genetic variation in natural populations and a variety of evolutionary processes. Studies of heterozygosity, population differentiation, hybridization including introgression, and rates of evolution have been addressed using cyprinids and are discussed in this chapter.

Creatine Kinases of Amphibians and Reptiles: Evolutionary and Systematic Aspects of Gene Expression

The creatine kinases of amphibians and reptiles are evaluated in terms of their genetic variability beyond that of allelic differentiation. One character, the number of loci controlling creatine kinase, is invariant; all investigated species express two loci (Ck-A and Ck-C). Amphibians and reptiles vary in their tissue specificity of creatine kinase expression and in the ability to form interlocus and intralocus heterodimers. The restriction of expression to fewer tissues and the loss of the ability to form heterodimers are interpreted to be derived states. The inferred evolutionary polarity in these variable characters allows their application in phyletic studies of amphibians and reptiles.

Use of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)-Dependent Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Enzyme Staining Procedures

Substitution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent enzyme has produced identical results in a number of enzyme-linked electrophoretic staining procedures. This substitution significantly reduces the cost of staining for adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, glucosephosphate isomerase, mannosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, and pyruvate kinase activity by utilizing NAD rather than the more expensive NADP.

Electrophoretic evidence for relationships and differentiation among members of the percid subgenus Microperca

Forty-seven allelic products were electrophoretically resolved at 23 presumptive loci in 10 populations of fishes of the percid subgenus Microperca, genus Etheostoma. Phenetic and cladistic analyses of these genetic data support the recognition of two species-groups within the subgenus: (a) E. fonticola and E. proeliare; (b) E. microperca, confirming previously described morphological interpretations. Additional morphologically based hypotheses receiving genetic support include: (c) recognizing E. proeliare as the most primitive and E. microperca as the most advanced species of the subgenus; and (d) assigning derived status to the differentiation exhibited by the Ozark populations of E. microperca. Etheostoma fonticola is more advanced on the genetic level than had been morphologically ascertained.