Dong-Kyu Lim

Application Amount of Anaerobic Digestion Waste Water from Methane Fermentation of Pig Manure on Rice

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the proper application level of anaerobic digestion waste water on rice. The waste water was from methane fermentation of pig manure to use as a liquid manure. The mixture treatment of 70% liquid manure and 30% chemical fertilizer (LM 70%+CF 30%) and 100% liquid manure (LM 100%) treatment were higher number of tiller than other treatments at the both tillering and heading stages of rice. The yields of LM 70%+CF 30% and LM 100% treatments were a little higher than that of NPK treatment, but the mixture treatment of 50% liquid manure and 50% chemical fertilizer (LM 50%+CF 50%) was a little lower yield than NPK treatment. The periodic changes of the and contents of the NPK and the LM 50%+CF 50% treatments in paddy soil were a little higher than those of other treatments at the early stage of rice. The contents of NPK and the LM 50%+CF 50% treatments in irrigation water quality were higher than those of other treatments, however there was no difference in content among the treatments. The and contents of non fertilizer treatment in infiltration water quality were leached a little higher than those of other treatments. It may be due to poor growth of rice following to reduce the nutrient uptake by rice and to increase relatively the nutrient leaching to the ground water. The proper application level of anaerobic digestion waste water as a liquid manure could be suggested to apply LM 70%+CF 30%. All treatments were the same amount of nitrogen content for the standard application amount on rice.

Toxicity Assessment of the Soil by Bioassay Following a Long-Term Application of Sewage Sludge

Bioassay was employed to assess toxicity of soil which had been treated with sewage sludges for seven years. The and root elongation test of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa.) elucidated that the intensity of soil toxicity was closely related with the types and amount of sewage sludges applied. Both bioassay methods proved to be useful in an assessment of soil toxicity and were consistent to some extent with the conventional chemical analysis methods. values resulted from were highly correlated with concentration of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludges : Cu (), Cr (), Ni (), and Zn (). This demonstrated that both bioassay techniques could be employed as tools for soil toxicity assessment when the soil was exposed to solid wastes such as sewage sludge.

Affect of Pharmaceutical Byproduct and Cosmetic Industry Wastewater Sludge as Raw Materials of Compost on Damage of Red Pepper Cultivation

Three sludge types from pharmaceutical byproducts and one sludge type from cosmetic waste-water sludge as raw materials of compost were used in a field based concrete pot (, ) for investigating damage of red pepper cultivation. These sludges and pig manure (1 Mg/10a, dry basis) were incorporated into the upper of clay loam soil prior to transplanting with red pepper. Changes in concentration and properties of heavy metal for both of soil and plant were investigated 4 times during of red pepper growth. Plant height and stem diameter of red pepper in sludge treatments except to Pharmaceutical sludge 3 were poor than those of NPK treatment. This result were regarded as an effect of incompleted decomposition sludge which has a lot of organic matter concentration. Amount of total As was increased rapidly Jul. 8. in soil, total Zn Cu Pb Cd were in harvest time, and 1 N-HCl extractable Zn Cu Pb Cd As were in harvest at middle stage and then decreased. Amounts of nitrogen in plant (leaf and stem) were high in Phamaceutical Sludge 1 and fig Manure treatment in early and middle stage because of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations and characteristics. Amounts of Zn, Pb, and Ni in leaf and amount of Zn and Pb in stem were increased in harvest time so that we need to have a concern in detail. Total yield of red pepper was Pig Manure > Phamaceutical Sludge 3 > Phamaceutical Sludge 1 > NPK > Phamaceutical Sludge 2 and Cosmetic Sludge treatment was decreased considerably to compare to others. Amounts of Zn and Cu in green and red pepper in harvest time were higher than the other heavy metals. Finally these results can use to utilize that finding damage on crop for authorization and suitability estimation of raw material of compost.

Development of Method for Possibility Assessment on Organic Resources for Using Raw Material of Compost

This study was conducted to find a system for screening organic resources with 16 species, 62 samples which were selected to randomizing point from city, province and industrial areas in the whole country. Content of organic matters were in all samples so that they were largely over than 60%, raw material regulation of compost. Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were , they could look for effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus supply as a raw material of compost. In case of 8 elements concentrations of heavy metal, they were too high to use as raw materials of compost which were over to regulation limit in Cu, Cr, Ni, and As from fiber industry, Ni from food company and leather industry, and the others are adapt to limit levels. HEM contents fro the highest to from liber industry and PAHs content were the highest to from paper-mill manufacture. Distribution of PAHs concentiations were naphthalene>phenanthrene>pyrene>fluoroanthene>acenaphthene. values for bioassay were pharmaceutical company>paper-mill manufacture>industrial area sewage sludge>fiber industry>urban sewage sludge>metropolitan sewage sludge. HEM between Zn, Cu, and Ni was significant at the 99% and between Cd was significant at the 95%, Microtox between Hg and BEM significant at the 95%.

Investigation of Sewage Sludge as Raw Compost Material in Korea

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the possibility on agricultural use of muncipal sewage sludge with respect to heavy metal contents in Korea. Metal contents (mg/kg) in 88 sludge samples were ranged from 0 to 54.3 for As, 1,7 to 197.3 for Cd, 7.3 to 2,854 for Cr, 87.4 to 5,730 for Cu, 129.3 to 10,289 for Mn 20.1 to 2,057 for Ni, 7.6 to 197.5 for Pb, and 523.5 to 6,349 for Zn. Heavy metal contents of sludges were compared with the regulation on raw material for compost. All sludges produced from sewage treatment plane in metropolis (over a million in population) and large cities () were not compatible with the regulation. In addition, 95% of sludge from small and mid-size cities () and 93% from rural area (below 100,000) were not suitable. On the basis of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn contents, 41, 53, 47, and 89% of sludge samples were not compatible with the regulation on raw material for compost respectively.

Quantitation of n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) and Estimation of Annual Pollutant Loading Rate by Sewage Sludge Applicated to Land

To estimate annual pollutant loading rate of n-hexane extractable material (HEM) to soil 84 sewage sludge samples were analyzed. The average content of HEM was 27.726.5 g/kg, and ranged from 1.05 to maximum 194 g/kg. According to the number of population of the city the areas were classified as five regions, i.e. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of HEM were 22.716.7, 33.325.8, 22.08.7, 31.038.8, 27.725.1 g/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively. The applicated areas with sewage sludge to land also were divided as 4 sites by US EPA criteria such as agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site. The quantitation of annual pollutant loading rate was estimated using a function (99 percentile concentration = + 3) when the application amounts were in dosages of 7,000, 26,000, 18,000, 74,000 kg/ha in 5 regions, respectively. The annual pollutant loading rate of HEM to soil by sewage sludge application was maximum 1,032, 3,832, 2,653, and 10,908 kg/ha in agricultural, forest, public contact sites, and reclamation site, respectively.