Doo Young Kim

Thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis for the dielectric aging of Mn and V-codoped BaTiO3 multi layer ceramic capacitor

Dielectric aging of Mn and V-codoped BaTiO3 was investigated. The increase of V concentration had little influence on aging, whereas that of Mn increased it. Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of low Mn concentration specimen showed one peak, whereas Mn-increased specimen showed two peaks. The first and second peak is supposed to be caused by the phase transition of the undoped core region and the defect dipole of Mn such as MnTi″-VO•• or MnTi′-VO••, respectively. High TSDC associated with the defect dipole of Mn and significant aging rate experimentally demonstrates that the dielectric aging is controlled by the defect dipole.Dielectric aging of Mn and V-codoped BaTiO3 was investigated. The increase of V concentration had little influence on aging, whereas that of Mn increased it. Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of low Mn concentration specimen showed one peak, whereas Mn-increased specimen showed two peaks. The first and second peak is supposed to be caused by the phase transition of the undoped core region and the defect dipole of Mn such as MnTi″-VO•• or MnTi′-VO••, respectively. High TSDC associated with the defect dipole of Mn and significant aging rate experimentally demonstrates that the dielectric aging is controlled by the defect dipole.

Influence of excess Ba concentration on the dielectric nonlinearity in Mn and V-doped BaTiO3 multi layer ceramic capacitors

The effect of excess Ba concentration on the dielectric nonlinearity was investigated in Mn and V-doped BaTiO3 multi layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) under the same grain size condition, which was described by the Preisach model utilizing the first order reversal curve (FORC) distribution. The high-field dielectric constant and its ac field dependence dramatically changed increasing to a maximum and then decreasing with the increase of Ba concentration. The saturation polarization which scales to the magnitude of spontaneous polarization also showed similar behavior. These results indicate that the dependence of the dielectric constant on the Ba concentration is associated with the variation of both domain wall contribution and the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization, which could be correlated with the same dependence on the Ba concentration of the reversible FORC distribution at zero bias and the irreversible FORC distribution near origin. In the corresponding bulk specimens of the dielectrics of MLCC, almost the same amount of the Ba2TiSi2O8 second phases were detected irrespective of Ba concentration, which shows that the excess Ba incorporate into BaTiO3. Thus, low and high Ba concentration corresponds to Ba-deficient and Ba-rich or Ti-deficient BaTiO3, respectively, which results in a small spontaneous polarization and low domain wall density. The intermediate Ba concentration for the maximum dielectric constant is supposed to be near stoichiometric condition in the ABO3 structure corresponding to large spontaneous polarization and high domain wall density. The excess Ba concentration and its resultant A/B stoichiometry is a crucial factor controlling dielectric properties.

Correlation between I (current)-V (voltage) characteristics and thermally stimulated depolarization current of Mn-doped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitor

I (Current)-V (voltage) characteristics of Mn-doped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitor were investigated. The increase of Mn concentration reduced the slope of current increase with increasing dc field and enhanced the dc field to the abrupt increase of current and thereby breakdown. Ohmic, Schottky, and Poole-Frenkel type conduction was successively observed with the increase of dc field in all specimens. The region of Childs law did not appear before breakdown, which suggests space charge limited (SCL) conduction with field enhanced trap barrier lowering. A peak of thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) beyond 300 °C associated with trapped space charges appeared, which increased by the increase of Mn concentration. In addition, the peak intensity increased to a maximum value and then decreased again with increasing polarization dc field in TSDC measurement. Its activation energies were around 1.9 eV for all specimens, which is very close to the energy level for the ionization of Mn3+/Mn2+...

Difference between compositional and grain size effect on the dielectric nonlinearity of Mn and V-doped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors

The difference between compositional and grain size effect on the dielectric nonlinearity was contrasted in Mn and V-doped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors utilizing the first order reversal curve (FORC) distribution based on the Preisach model. The high field dielectric constants can be increased either by the adjustment of additive composition, that is, Ba concentration maintaining the same grain size, or by increasing its size. The former compositional effect caused an enhanced dielectric constant in both low and high field region, which can be associated with the increase in the saturation polarization, the reversible and the irreversible FORC distributions near zero bias. The latter grain growth effect, on the other hand, resulted in a decrease of the dielectric constants in the low field but a steep ac field dependence of them, which can be correlated with a decrease of the reversible FORC distribution and a significant increase of the irreversible FORC distribution near origin. These results show that the compositional effect is caused by the increase of the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization and the domain wall density, whereas the grain size effect is caused by the increase in the size of the domain and its wall, which increases the probability of domain pinning by weakly pinning centers but enables its long range motion beyond the threshold field.The difference between compositional and grain size effect on the dielectric nonlinearity was contrasted in Mn and V-doped BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors utilizing the first order reversal curve (FORC) distribution based on the Preisach model. The high field dielectric constants can be increased either by the adjustment of additive composition, that is, Ba concentration maintaining the same grain size, or by increasing its size. The former compositional effect caused an enhanced dielectric constant in both low and high field region, which can be associated with the increase in the saturation polarization, the reversible and the irreversible FORC distributions near zero bias. The latter grain growth effect, on the other hand, resulted in a decrease of the dielectric constants in the low field but a steep ac field dependence of them, which can be correlated with a decrease of the reversible FORC distribution and a significant increase of the irreversible FORC distribution near origin. These results sh...

Effect of Ca incorporation on the dielectric nonlinear behavior of (Ba, Ca)TiO3 multi layer ceramic capacitors

The difference in the dielectric nonlinearity was investigated by contrasting BaTiO3 and (Ba0.925Ca0.075)TiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors utilizing the first order reversal curve (FORC) distribution based on the Preisach model. Ca incorporation caused a decrease of the dielectric constants in the low field but little differences in the high field region resulting in a steep ac field dependence, which became more significant with the decrease of temperature. Such behavior can be correlated with a decrease of the reversible and an increase of the irreversible FORC distribution near origin by Ca incorporation. These results suggest that Ca incorporation, which is known to cause the asymmetric off-center displacement at Ba-site, has the role of weakly pinning centers that increase the portion of irreversible domain walls that are immobile at low field but can contribute to polarization beyond a threshold field.