Dora Celton

Infant Mortality Measurement and the Rate of Progress on International Commitments: A Matter of Methods or of Guarantees of Rights? Some Evidence from Argentina

Infant mortality is considered to be one of the greatest expressions of social injustice. Thus, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989 urged adhering states to take the necessary steps to reduce it progressively and as a guarantee of equal opportunities. This objective was further supported by a series of subsequent international conferences, in which specific goals of reduction, both in the level as well as in the differences between social sectors, were laid down. Among them: The World Summit for Children in 1990, the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, the Millennium Summit in 2000 and the Special Session on Children in 2002.

A redução da mortalidade infantil a partir da ótica dos direitos: uma comparação entre Argentina e Brasil

The present article aims to investigate the progress reached in reducing infant mortality in Argentina and in Brazil, beginning in the 1990s, using human rights as the analytical approach. Based on this perspective, the authors emphasize some fundamental principles on which they are based and that are present in all the instruments: “Governments are the main duty barriers”, “progress and non-retreat” and “equality and non-discrimination” to exercise rights. Therefore, in addition to seeking to reduce the general level of infant mortality– as is the aim of any development policy – the human rights perspective proposes a systematic advance in exercising rights that reach the entire population, in this way, making it a priority to reduce the existing gap among social strata. The article is based on data published by national statistics institutes and by the Centro Latino-Americano e Caribenho de Demografia – Latin American and Caribbean Demography Center (Celade – Cepal Population Division). Among the main results, the trends in infant mortality, in the countries studied, were observed to have had major reductions, which may be explained by applying the principle of “progress and non-retreat”. However, the progress attained is insufficient to reach the objectives made at international conferences. More concerning is not following the principle “equality and non-discrimination”. The limited information available allows the evaluation that, in some cases, the reduction in discrepancies among social strata is minimum, or even null.

La reducción de la mortalidad infantil desde un enfoque de derechos: una comparación entre Argentina y Brasil

The present article aims to investigate the progress reached in reducing infant mortality in Argentina and in Brazil, beginning in the 1990s, using human rights as the analytical approach. Based on this perspective, the authors emphasize some fundamental principles on which they are based and that are present in all the instruments: “Governments are the main duty barriers”, “progress and non-retreat” and “equality and non-discrimination” to exercise rights. Therefore, in addition to seeking to reduce the general level of infant mortality– as is the aim of any development policy – the human rights perspective proposes a systematic advance in exercising rights that reach the entire population, in this way, making it a priority to reduce the existing gap among social strata. The article is based on data published by national statistics institutes and by the Centro Latino-Americano e Caribenho de Demografia – Latin American and Caribbean Demography Center (Celade – Cepal Population Division). Among the main results, the trends in infant mortality, in the countries studied, were observed to have had major reductions, which may be explained by applying the principle of “progress and non-retreat”. However, the progress attained is insufficient to reach the objectives made at international conferences. More concerning is not following the principle “equality and non-discrimination”. The limited information available allows the evaluation that, in some cases, the reduction in discrepancies among social strata is minimum, or even null.

Reduction in infant mortality from the rights perspective: a comparison between Argentina and Brazil

The present article aims to investigate the progress reached in reducing infant mortality in Argentina and in Brazil, beginning in the 1990s, using human rights as the analytical approach. Based on this perspective, the authors emphasize some fundamental principles on which they are based and that are present in all the instruments: “Governments are the main duty barriers”, “progress and non-retreat” and “equality and non-discrimination” to exercise rights. Therefore, in addition to seeking to reduce the general level of infant mortality– as is the aim of any development policy – the human rights perspective proposes a systematic advance in exercising rights that reach the entire population, in this way, making it a priority to reduce the existing gap among social strata. The article is based on data published by national statistics institutes and by the Centro Latino-Americano e Caribenho de Demografia – Latin American and Caribbean Demography Center (Celade – Cepal Population Division). Among the main results, the trends in infant mortality, in the countries studied, were observed to have had major reductions, which may be explained by applying the principle of “progress and non-retreat”. However, the progress attained is insufficient to reach the objectives made at international conferences. More concerning is not following the principle “equality and non-discrimination”. The limited information available allows the evaluation that, in some cases, the reduction in discrepancies among social strata is minimum, or even null.