Dorota Kołodyńska

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

© 2012 Hubicki and Kolodynska, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

Synthesis and adsorption properties of chitosan-silica nanocomposite prepared by sol-gel method

A hybrid nanocomposite material has been obtained by in situ formation of an inorganic network in the presence of a preformed organic polymer. Chitosan biopolymer and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), which is the most common silica precursor, were used for the sol-gel reaction. The obtained composite chitosan-silica material has been characterized by physicochemical methods such as differential thermal analyses (DTA); carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis; nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine possible interactions between silica and chitosan macromolecules. Adsorption of microquantities of V(V), Mo(VI), and Cr(VI) oxoanions from the aqueous solutions by the obtained composite has been studied in comparison with the chitosan beads, previously crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The adsorption capacity and kinetic sorption characteristics of the composite material were estimated.

Silica with immobilized phosphinic acid-derivative for uranium extraction

A novel adsorbent benzoimidazol-2-yl-phenylphosphinic acid/aminosilica adsorbent (BImPhP(O)(OH)/SiO2NH2) was prepared by carbonyldiimidazole-mediated coupling of aminosilica with 1-carboxymethylbenzoimidazol-2-yl-phenylphosphinic acid. It was obtained through direct phosphorylation of 1-cyanomethylbenzoimidazole by phenylphosphonic dichloride followed by basic hydrolysis of the nitrile. The obtained sorbent was well characterized by physicochemical methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (DSC-MS), surface area and pore distribution analysis (ASAP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The adsorption behavior of the sorbent and initial silica gel as well as aminosilica gel with respect to uranium(VI) from the aqueous media has been studied under varying operating conditions of pH, concentration of uranium(VI), contact time, and desorption in different media. The synthesized material was found to show an increase in adsorption activity with respect to uranyl ions in comparison with the initial compounds. In particular, the highest adsorption capacity for the obtained modified silica was found at the neutral pH, where one gram of the adsorbent can extract 176mg of uranium. Under the same conditions the aminosilica extracts 166mg/g, and the silica - 144mg/g of uranium. In the acidic medium, which is common for uranium nuclear wastes, the synthesized adsorbent extracts 27mg/g, the aminosilica - 16mg/g, and the silica - 14mg/g of uranium. It was found that 15% of uranium ions leached from the prepared material in acidic solutions, while 4% of uranium can be removed in a phosphate solution.

Application of a new generation of complexing agents in removal of heavy metal ions from different wastes

Complexing agents are extensively applied in many fields of industry. They are used to provide effective controlling trace metal ions in cleaning industries, textile, pulp and paper production, water treatment, agriculture, food industries, etc. Recently, the low biodegradability of these ligands and their accumulation in the environment has become a cause for concern. Therefore, replacement of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid by more environmentally friendly chelating agents is highly desirable. So far, these acids and their salts have been applied as components of household chemistry, cosmetics, modern microelement fertilizers and agrochemicals. This paper reviews the sorption of heavy metal ions such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the presence of the above-mentioned complexing agents on commercially available anion exchangers of different matrix. The obtained sorption results were fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherm models. The kinetic data were also analysed using the Lagergren, Ho and McKay sorption kinetic equations. The studies were carried out considering the effects of such important parameters as phase contact time, initial concentration, pH and temperature.

Development of New Effective Sorbents Based on Nanomagnetite

Magnetic hybrid nanocomposite material based on the kraft lignin was prepared by the co-precipitating method. Kraft lignin was modified by iron nanooxide in order to enhance its sorption properties towards heavy metal ions. The composite material was characterized by physicochemical methods such as BET N2, ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, pHpzc, XRD and SEM. Its adsorption behaviour was studied using the batch mode by varying different parameters like pH, initial concentration of metal ions and shaking time as well as the presence of interfering ions. Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from the aqueous solutions was studied in comparison with the commercial kraft lignin. The adsorption capacity and kinetic sorption characteristics of the composite material were determined.

Preparation and properties of organomineral adsorbent obtained by sol–gel technology

Organomineral nanocomposite material has been obtained by sol–gel method through in situ formation of inorganic network in the presence of organic polymer. The most common silica precursor tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and polysaccharide chitosan solution were used for the sol–gel transformations. The obtained chitosan–silica nanocomposite has been characterized by the physicochemical methods such as differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine possible interactions between silica and chitosan macromolecules. Thermal destruction and products from gaseous phase in atmosphere of air and nitrogen were studied. It was found that introducing chitosan in silica network drastically change behavior of polymer during heat treatment in inert atmosphere. Adsorption of microquantities of Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Cd(II) and Pb(II) cations from the aqueous solutions by the obtained composite has been studied in comparison with the chitosan beads, previously cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The adsorption capacity and kinetic sorption characteristics of the composite material were estimated. The obtained data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the characteristic parameters for each isotherm were determined.

Sorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions in the presence of the methylglycinediacetic acid by microporous ion exchangers and sorbents from aqueous solutions

AbstractIn the presented paper the use of a novel environmentally friendly aminopolycarboxylate chelating agent trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) to inactivate various metal ions by complex formation in microporous anion exchangers and sorbents was tested. MGDA is a new generation of chelator, undergoing biodegradation.The removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the presence of MGDA on microporous anion exchangers of the Lewatit group with different basicity of functional centres as well as on nitrolite and clinoptilolite was described. The studies were carried out by the dynamic (column) and the static (batch) methods. The influence of several parameters such as the concentration of analyzed metal ions, pH and temperature were studied with respect to sorption equilibrium. The sorption isotherms were obtained and fitted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models. Kinetic curves were also fitted using pseudo first order, pseudo second order as well as the intraparticle diffusion model equations to evaluate the most effective one.

Studies on application of polyacrylate anion-exchangers in sorption and separation of iminodiacetate rare earth element(III) complexes

Abstract Polyacrylate anion-exchanger resins are considered economically useful for selective isolation, concentration and recovery of nickel, iron, copper and cobalt cyanide complexes. They also find wide application in food processing, pharmaceutical industry, sugar refining, etc. This kind of polyacrylate anion-exchangers has been applied by us to separate rare earth element complexes with IMDA. Strongly basic gel and macroporous polyacrylate anion-exchangers Amberlite IRA 458 and Amberlite IRA 958 were used. The following pairs of iminodiacetate rare earth element complexes were selected for separation: Sm(III)–Ho(III), La(III)–Nd(III), La(III)–Pr(III) based on the affinity of these elements for strongly basic anion-exchangers. The results obtained indicate the possibility of application of anion-exchangers of this type for separation of individual lanthanide pairs in macro–micro systems. High yield of the obtained preparations is the evidence for the practical application of this method.

DOWEX M 4195 and LEWATIT® MonoPlus TP 220 in Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Acidic Streams

Two chelating ion exchangers possessing bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine functional groups also known as bispicolylamine Dowex M4195, Lewatit® MonoPlus TP 220 were used for the selective removal of Cu(II) ions from acidic streams. The resin was characterized by CHNS elementary analysis, surface area, pore size, and volume analysis. After cutting by ultramicrotome, scans using electron microscope and optical profiler were recorded. For the first time the interiors of these resins after the sorption process were shown. Their superior binding affinities for Cu(II) was confirmed even under high acidities. Various physiochemical parameters like solution pH, ion exchange dose, presence of chloride, and sulfate ions in the system were studied in order to determine sorption capacity and kinetic parameters. The most effective chelating ion exchanger proved to be Lewatit® MonoPlus TP 220. Cu(II) ions sorption was affected by the presence of sulfate ions in the system. The monolayer sorption capacity (q0) for Lewatit® MonoPlus TP 220 was found to be 50.69 mg g−1 and 86.44 mg g−1 in the presence of chloride ions. The sorption of Cu(II) ions was found to be well represented by the pseudo second-order kinetics. The optimal desorption conditions were found using 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M NH4OH.

Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types

© 2012 Kolodynska and Hubicki, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Investigation of Sorption and Separation of Lanthanides on the Ion Exchangers of Various Types