Douglas Anderson

Social Interdependence and Classroom Climate.

Summary Responses to a classroom climate instrument were made by 859 students in grades 5 through 9 in three urban and suburban midwestern school districts and were submitted to correlational analyses of relationships between scales measuring attitudes toward social interdependence and attitudes towards relationships with peers and teachers. Students who participated frequently in cooperative learning experiences were compared with students who had only infrequently experienced cooperative learning. Cooperativeness and frequently participating in cooperative learning situations were positively related to perceptions of support, help, and friendship from teachers and peers.

Predictors and Concomitants of Changes in Drug Use Patterns among Teenagers

Abstract A longitudinal study on drug usage was conducted to examine the differences among teenagers who were stable nonusers, decreased to nonuse, decreased to alcohol and marijuana use only, increased to drug use, and were stable users. Three surveys given to the sample of 123 adolescents over a two-year period included measures of drug use, perceived drug use of friends, relationships with mother and father, self-esteem, attitudes toward social interdependence, and level of moral reasoning. The results indicate that number of friends using drugs and quality of relationships with parents were most frequently related to drug use patterns. Attitudes toward social interdependence and self-esteem were somewhat related to pattern of drug use. Level of moral reasoning was found to be independent of drug use patterns.

The comparative concurrent validities of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale and the Henmon-Nelson Tests of Mental Ability.

This study compared the abilities of the Shipley Institute of Living Scale and the Henmon-Nelson Tests of Mental Ability to predict Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) scores in psychiatric hospital patients. The Henmon-Nelson DIQs accounted for about 50% more WAIS-R Verbal and Full Scale IQ variance than did the Shipley IQs, apparently because of their higher correlations with the Information, Vocabulary, and, perhaps, Similarities subtests. Because Henmon-Nelson scores were more variable and generally higher than their WAIS-R counterparts, statistical adjustments were needed to optimize Wechsler IQ estimates. Therefore, regression formulae and a conversion table for the estimation of WAIS-R Full Scale IQs from Henmon-Nelson and Shipley intelligence scores also are presented.

Two Studies of Reported Pretraumatic Stressors' Effect on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity

We contrasted in two studies the effects of military trauma on Vietnam veterans who reported high and low premilitary stress. In the first, we administered the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview (PTSD-I), a premilitary modification of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Military Stress Scale to hospitalized veterans. Premilitary stress appeared to reduce the impact of combat on several trauma-reexperiencing ratings, although the relevant evidence was inconsistent. In the second study, the premilitary stress main effects and the premilitary stress/combat interactions on four PTSD-I factors were nonsignificant. Thus, the severities of most PTSD symptoms increased with trauma intensity, but not with milder premilitary stress. The inconsistent data on the impact of pretraumatic stress on the trauma severity/PTSD relationships suggest further study.

The comparative validities of six MMPI repression scales

The validities of six MMPI repression scales were compared using each of the other five and an independent measure as criteria (N = 190). The data gave little support to the Eichman, Welsh, and Haan Repression scales as operational definitions of this construct. The results for the Little-Fisher Denial, Byrne et al. R-S, and Haan Denial scales showed more promise.

A comparison of combat's effects on PTSD scores in veterans with high and low moral development

This study was designed to explore the effects of moral development on the relationship between combat intensity and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder. The effect of combat intensity on PTSD Interview total scores and several individual stress disorder symptom ratings was substantial in a Low Moral Development sample, but negligible in a High Moral Development group. These data suggest that moral development may blunt the effect of combat severity on PTSD. These effects were strongest on items that describe reexperiencing of the trauma and exaggerated arousal. Possible interpretations of the results and several caveats were discussed.

Book Reviews : Raymond L. Horton. The general linear model data analysis in the social and behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978, pp. xi + 274.

coding as a shortcut to calculating various summary statistics is still found in the sixth addition which seems quite out-of-date in view of the widespread availability of hand held electronic calculators and computers. Indeed, computer is not even listed as a subject heading in the sixth edition. Another weak point is the minimal discussion provided on the subject of experimental design. Although there is a reference in a footnote to the classic 1966 Campbell-Stanley monograph on experimental design, addition of a discussion of the concept of experimental validity developed by Donald Campbell would have made the text more attractive to instructors who were looking for a general introduction to behavior science research methodology, including statistics. In summary, this text is a fundamentally sound text which can be