Douglas Auld

The Effect of settlement stage on negotiated wage settlements in Canada

This paper analyzes the effect of the particular stage of wage settlement on the negotiated wage increase, using micro data on Canadian labor contracts between 1966 and 1975. The sample data base was divided into direct first-stage bargaining, mediation-conciliation, and work stoppage/arbitration, and structural wage equations were estimated for each set of data. The results indicate that as negotiations move from direct bargaining to work stoppage, labor market conditions, measured by a vacancy rate, become less important as an explanatory variable and price catch-up becomes more important.

Provincial Grants and Local Government Expenditure

This paper examines the explanatory power of linear and nonlinear expenditure functions in assessing conditional grants to local governments in Ontario, Canada. The results are similar in both cases with a slightly better performance from the linear model. The results also suggest that such grants had a positive impact on local spending.

Preference Revelation for Public Goods: an Empirical Analysis

Using a micro data base of almost 1300 households, this article examines the relationship between fiscal preference (for local and provincial goods) and respondent characteristics. Since individuals were asked if expenditure on a particular functional area was sufficient, a binary dependent variable model was used to test a variety of hypotheses regarding fiscal preferences.

A microeconomic analysis of wage determination in the Canadian public sector

Abstract Using cross-section, micro wage rate data for the period 1967–1975, this paper analyses the extent to which price expectations, price ‘catch-up’, and labour market conditions affect the rate of change of base wage rates in the Canadian public sector. The results indicate that both price movements and labour market conditions do influence base wage rates in a manner that is not radically different from that in the private sector. The paper also explores the importance and significance of these factors when the data are disaggregated according to jurisdiction and method of contract settlement. The final section of the paper is devoted to an exploration of wage spillovers within the public sector and between the public and private sectors.

Taxation and Inflation: A Survey of Recent Theory and Empirical Evidence

The past decade has witnessed considerable attention devoted to the relationship between tax increases and wage/price inflation. This paper surveys briefly the theoretical and empirical evidence of this period with emphasis on how tax variables have been incorporated into theoretical and empirical modes of wage and price determination.

Tax reform in Canada : the process and impact

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The Impact of the Anti-Inflation Board on Negotiated Wage Settlements: A Reply

to gauge changes in employment opportunities, as measured by quantity of newspaper advertisements. Perhaps this measure does accurately reflect changes in employment opportunities from one period to the next for a given region. However, comparison of index values across regions is meaningless, unless the number of vacancies was identical in all regions in 1969. The job vacancy survey data compiled by Denton, Feaver, and Robb (1975) indicate that this is unlikely.2 Consequently, variation across regions in labour market conditions is probably inaccurately measured by ACSW. Since the measurement error occurs in one of the explanatory variables for their regression model, in principle it should result in estimation bias, thus calling into question the validity of their reported results (Johnston, 1972, 281-2). In a preliminary version of this paper, which was presented at the 1978 meetings of the Canadian Economics Association, the authors had results based not only on the regionalized help-wanted index, but also on regionalized job vacancy rates derived from the job vacancy survey data compiled by Denton et al. Given the conceptual problem associated with the regionalized help-wanted index in the context of this study, it would seem preferable to base conclusions on the estimates obtained using the job vacancy series.

The Impact of Progressive Income Tax Rates on Canadian Negotiated Wage Rates

This paper provides econometric evidence, based on 2,215 wage contracts signe d during the 1967-75 period, on the extent to which the tax increases attributable to the progressivity of the Canadian income tax system were forward shifted into higher wage settlements. Based on a wage de termination model, which includes inflation expectations, price catch up for uncompensated past inflation, and labor market conditions, the results suggest that the progressivity of the Canadian income tax sy stem significantly affected wage settlements and that the implicit ta x increases attributable to this progressivity were at least partiall y forward shifted into higher wage rates.

Federal-Provincial Financial Equalization and the Canadian Constitution

The development of federal-provincial financial equalization in Canada is reviewed in this essay. Also included is a discussion of the 1982–1987 fiscal arrangements; an explanation of two competing philosophies of equalization—fiscal need and fiscal equity; and an exploration of some implications of the 1982 Constitution Act for the future of equalization in Canada. It is concluded that the 1982 Act offers substantial support to the narrow-based fiscal equity principle and that future equalization programs in Canada should therefore be similar to current practice.

Emissions intensity and choice of policy instrument with asymmetric information and growth

abstract The advantages and disadvantages of environmental policies based on emission intensity targets have been widely discussed. Emission tax policies tend to be ranked ahead of emission intensity instruments due, in part, to the formers incentive effects. A comparison of the effect that emission intensity targets and emission taxes have on abatement costs in a world of asymmetric information is worth exploring. This analysis suggests that in terms abatement costs and the nature of the errors due to asymmetric information, a tax on emission has no absolute advantage over an emissions intensity policy in the short run and given the qualitative nature of the welfare losses in both cases, an emissions target policy may be preferred. Furthermore, an emission intensity target may be an appropriate instrument when growth in output of polluting firms is expected.