Douglas C. Anderson

Pharmacologic Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current data on pharmacologic interventions intended to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE (1966–July 2002) and an extensive manual review of journals were performed using the key search terms diabetes mellitus, metformin, acarbose, troglitazone, orlistat, nateglinide, risk reduction, and prevention. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated, and all information deemed relevant was included for this review. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were included if the primary outcome measure was prevention of diabetes and/or change in the rate of progression to diabetes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic. Major risk factors include obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose. Complications of diabetes result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a substantial public health issue. Four randomized, blinded, controlled trials have assessed the efficacy of different medications, including metformin, troglitazone, acarbose, and orlistat, at decreasing the risk of progression to diabetes in patients at risk for developing diabetes. All of these agents decreased the risk of progression to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin, troglitazone, acarbose, and orlistat have been shown to decrease the risk of progression to diabetes in patients at risk for developing diabetes. Other questions that address issues such as identifying target populations, cost-effectiveness, and screening strategies must be answered to more fully define the place of pharmacologic therapy to prevent or delay diabetes.

Acetaminophen Usage Patterns and Concentrations of Glutathione and γ‐Glutamyl Transferase in Alcoholic Subjects

Study Objectives. To determine if subjects with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity, and to determine the contributing factors.

Impact of small-group sessions on motivational interviewing outcomes

Traditional Diabetes Education and the Pharmacist’s Role • DM self-management education (DSME) is an ongoing process of teaching patients the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for diabetes self-care.4,5 • Group education has been shown to improve outcomes; however, this typically consists of lecturebased presentations with some interactive group discussion.6,7 • Studies have shown improvement of patient outcomes with a pharmacist-led DM care program.8,9is to describe a co-curricular legislative experience that can be mapped to the 2016 ACPE Standards 3.2, 4.2, and 4.4. Since 2004, the URI College of Pharmacy has participated in the Annual Face of Pharmacy event held at the Rhode Island State House. This event brings student pharmacists, faculty and members of state pharmacists associations together to rally behind issues and legislation affecting pharmacy practice. Demonstration tables, staffed by APPE students, preceptors and faculty showcase services to the legislators such as: hypertension screenings, diabetes education, body fat analysis, immunizations, medication therapymanagement services, and patient counseling. A speaking program highlights legislation and issues important to pharmacy and the future of health care. Past speakers have included Directors of the RI Department of Health, Governors, Lieutenant Governors, state Senators, state Representatives, members and staff from the Board of Pharmacy, Presidents of both state pharmacy associations (RIPA andRISHP), and selected student pharmacist leaders. Past Gubernatorial proclamations and citations have been issued to commemorate the event and pharmacists’ role in patient care. Throughout the afternoon, student pharmacists have the opportunity to interact with pharmacists at the tables, learn about legislative initiatives that impact pharmacy, and meet with state legislators. Student pharmacists have also been recognized on the House and Senate floors as the sessions open. To formally incorporate this experience into our curriculum as a co-curricular standard, students will be encouraged to perform a formal writing reflection after participation to self-evaluate their professional development. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S4.

Effectiveness of Student Facilitation in Motivational Interviewing Education

Traditional Diabetes Education and the Pharmacist’s Role • DM self-management education (DSME) is an ongoing process of teaching patients the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for diabetes self-care.4,5 • Group education has been shown to improve outcomes; however, this typically consists of lecturebased presentations with some interactive group discussion.6,7 • Studies have shown improvement of patient outcomes with a pharmacist-led DM care program.8,9is to describe a co-curricular legislative experience that can be mapped to the 2016 ACPE Standards 3.2, 4.2, and 4.4. Since 2004, the URI College of Pharmacy has participated in the Annual Face of Pharmacy event held at the Rhode Island State House. This event brings student pharmacists, faculty and members of state pharmacists associations together to rally behind issues and legislation affecting pharmacy practice. Demonstration tables, staffed by APPE students, preceptors and faculty showcase services to the legislators such as: hypertension screenings, diabetes education, body fat analysis, immunizations, medication therapymanagement services, and patient counseling. A speaking program highlights legislation and issues important to pharmacy and the future of health care. Past speakers have included Directors of the RI Department of Health, Governors, Lieutenant Governors, state Senators, state Representatives, members and staff from the Board of Pharmacy, Presidents of both state pharmacy associations (RIPA andRISHP), and selected student pharmacist leaders. Past Gubernatorial proclamations and citations have been issued to commemorate the event and pharmacists’ role in patient care. Throughout the afternoon, student pharmacists have the opportunity to interact with pharmacists at the tables, learn about legislative initiatives that impact pharmacy, and meet with state legislators. Student pharmacists have also been recognized on the House and Senate floors as the sessions open. To formally incorporate this experience into our curriculum as a co-curricular standard, students will be encouraged to perform a formal writing reflection after participation to self-evaluate their professional development. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2015; 79 (5) Article S4.

Impact of Collaborative Shared Medical Appointments on Diabetes Outcomes in a Family Medicine Clinic

ed from electronic medical record. RESULTS: Alcohol exposure was found in 21.9% of the sample, and 75.3% of the newborns required pharmacologic treatment for NAS. In univariate analyses, PAE trended towards a greater need for pharmacologic treatment of NAS (81.3% vs. 73.7%), longer duration of hospital stay (19.5 15.7 vs. 16.3 9.8 days), and higher cumulative methadone dose received by the newborn (14.2 16.2 vs. 9.9 6.8 mg); however, none of these differences were statistically significant (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis, PAE was not an independent predictor; however, lack of breastfeeding was associated with longer hospital stay (b=7.6, p=0.008) and greater cumulative methadone dose received by the newborn (b=6.7, p=0.03). In addition, the use of buprenorphine rather than methadone predicted later initiation of NAS treatment, while coexposure with amphetamines predicted earlier initiation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: PAE was not associated with NAS outcomes possibly due to moderate levels of alcohol consumption in this cohort and stronger effects of other maternal factors. The effect of amphetamines on earlier initiation of NAS treatment requires examination in future studies. e294 PHARMACOTHERAPY Volume 33, Number 10, 2013

Integrating Interprofessionalism in the Development of New School of Pharmacy at Cedarville University

Objective: The utilization of interprofessional education and collaborative practice delivers optimal health services and improves patient outcomes. Training future healthcare providers in an integrated environment promotes a “collaborative practice-ready” workforce. The aim of this study was to identify ongoing specific interprofessional collaborative projects and promote their awareness among faculty at the St. John Fisher College Wegmans School of Pharmacy. Methods: Faculty members were surveyed to identify the ongoing interprofessional collaborative initiatives among pharmacy faculty. Results: A total of four collaborative practices were identified among faculty: ambulatory care, assistedliving, didactic, and assessment. The ambulatory care setting at an osteoporosis clinic provides patientcentered care with a clinical component. Each patient with a new diagnosis or change in medication therapy receives education/counseling from a pharmacist, a registered nurse for medication administration and a physician for a physical exam. In the assisted-living setting, pharmacy and nursing students are paired to conduct a high-level health assessment in their respective disciplines. Didactic interprofessional efforts are being conducted to create a flexible and comprehensive pain education curriculum. Physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, psychologists, chiropractors, and oriental medicine practitioners will develop the curriculum. The pain module will be adaptable for interprofessional education activities. Finally, recognizing the similarities in accreditation standards for communication and professionalism, the School of Pharmacy and the NY Chiropractic School are sharing strategies and rubrics for assessing these outcomes. Implications: The survey revealed a broader range of interprofessional collaborations than was originally suspected. The school will continue to foster and support interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Disciplines Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Comments Poster presented at: • Annual meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy in Orlando, Florida, July, 2012. • Faculty Scholarship Celebration at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, New York, October 25, 2012. Abstract is published in American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2012; 76 (5) Article 99. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe76599is published in American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2012; 76 (5) Article 99. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe76599 Authors David Hutchinson, Jane M. Souza, Jennifer Mathews, Anthony Corigliano, Katherine Juba, Jill Lavigne, Andrea Traina, Karen A. Bobak, Constance Baldwin, and O.J. Sahler This poster presentation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/pharmacy_facpub/20 THE CROSSROADS OF INTERPROFESSIONALISM: Four Avenues of Collaboration at the Wegmans School of Pharmacy at St. John Fisher College David Hutchinson, Pharm.D.; Jane Souza, Ph.D.; Jennifer Mathews, Ph.D.; Anthony Corigliano, R.Ph.; Katherine Juba, Pharm.D.; Jill Lavigne, Ph.D.; Andrea Traina, Pharm.D.; Karen A. Bobak D.C. Constance Baldwin, Ph.D.; O.J. Sahler, M.D.