Dov Liberman

How Letter-Sound Instruction Mediates Progress in First-Grade Reading and Spelling.

Children in six 1st-grade classrooms (N=80) differing in amount of daily letter-sound instruction were administered tests of phonemic segmentation and of reading and spelling 60 regular and exception words 3 times during the year. Repeated measures results indicated no classroom differences in phonemic segmentation. However, classrooms with more letter-sound instruction improved at a faster rate in correct spellings and readings. Individual growth models analysis indicated that phonemic segmentation scores obtained in October predicted overall performance in reading and spelling. Growth in segmentation predicted overall performance in spelling but only predicted end-of-year differences in regular- and exception-word reading. Finally, better reading of regular words October was associated with faster growth in spelling, and better spelling of regular words in October was predictive of May word reading

A comparative factor analysis of the bem sex role inventory and the personality attributes questionnaire

The conceptualization of masculinity and femininity as separate and independent dimensions is an underlying assumption of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personality Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). This assumption was examined by a factor analytic technique to identify possible factors within each measure. Initial factor analysis of the BSRI employed a principal components extraction rotated to an oblique position through the use of the Harris-Kaiser Type II method. Subsequently, the intercorrelations of the oblique factors were subjected to a principal components extraction, which in turn was rotated to the varimax criterion. Factor analysis of PAQ also employed principal components extraction, rotated using Varimax criteria. Sixteen first-order and 16 second-order factors were identified for the BSRI, with 6 first-order and 9 second-order factors designated as major factors. Six first-order factors were identified for the PAQ, with 4 labeled as major. No single, independent, masculine or feminine factors were identified for either the BSRI or the PAQ, although several factors represented or approximated constellations of sex-typed items. The results suggest that more than two dimensions of masculinity and femininity, as well as other personality variables, are being measured by the instruments.

Moral Development and the Forgiveness of Sin

It is the purpose of this article to contribute to the dialogue between religion and morality by examining the Christian conception of forgiveness of sin (an aspect of the doctrine of justification) as interpreted by individauls at each of Kohlbergs stages of moral development. The thesis of this article is that justification is a developmental process as well as a un [temporal event in the individuals life. At each higher stage of moral development one becomes increasingly aware of the scope of sin. In order to accommodate this growing realization, individuals at different stages of moral development turn to different ways of interpreting the doctrine of justification. However, it is maintained that only at Stage 7 docs one come to full understanding of ones inability to achieve forgiveness by ones own deeds and thus turn to God in a posture of faith alone, realizing that such forgiveness can come solely from him.

Ego and Moral Development in an Adult Population

Summary Studies which have previously examined the relationship between ego and moral development have found substantial correlations. However, they have used both child and adult Ss, thereby focusing on maturational aspects of development. Also, they have employed linear parametric correlations, which may have been inappropriate for the scaling level of the data. The present study employed only adult Ss, and a nonlinear, nonparametric measure of correlation was developed to examine the relationship between ego and moral development scores. Nonparametric analysis of the variance revealed a significant relationship between scores on the two measures and yielded a moderately high nonlinear correlation coefficient (η2 = .42).