Dragoslav Pavic

What Demotivates the Tourist? Constraining Factors of Nautical Tourism

ABSTRACT This article examines issues related to the constraining factors of nautical tourism based on a three-dimensional structure of constraints. With a higher level of respondents’ education, the significance of the intrapersonal and structural dimensions decreases. However, with the rise of monthly income, the significance of structural constraints decreases and the significance of interpersonal constraints marginally increases. For respondents who travel once a year, the interpersonal dimension of constraints is the most significant, while it is less significant for respondents that rarely travel or travel several times a year. Results of this research can be of use to nautical tourism-based managers and to all other stakeholders involved.

Classification Methods for Inland Excess Water Modeling

Abstract Inland excess water floodings are a common problem in the Carpathian Basin. Nearly every year large areas are covered by water due to lack of natural runoff of superfluous water. To study the development of this phenomenon it is necessary to determine where these inundations are occurring. This research evaluates different methods to classify inland excess water occurrences on a study area covering south-east Hungary and northern Serbia. The region is susceptible to this type of flooding due to its geographical circumstances. Three separate methods are used to determine their applicability to the problem. The methods use the same input data set but differ in approach and complexity. The input data set consists of a mosaic of RapidEye medium resolution satellite images. The results of the classifications show that all three methods can be applied to the problem and provide high quality satellite based inland excess water maps over a large area.

Forest fire analysis and classification based on a Serbian case study

A recent forest fire in the Republic of Serbia is discussed concerning classification, legislative framework and fire management, giving a detailed analysis of the forest fire occurrence. Analysing past and predicting future fires are crucial for policy development and forest management practices to prevent and mitigate fires. Fire hazard is discussed through several fire protection and prevention legislative documents. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test was used to analyse resent forest fire data in an attempt to find causality in occurrences and frequency. The meteorological data and fire statistics provided by the Serbian Hydro-meteorological Service and the Ministry of Interior/Sector for Emergency Management of the Republic of Serbia were used to calculate the Forest Fire Weather Indices, along with deficit or surplus of precipitation for the case study of Tara Mountain. The paper highlights the need for better hierarchical classification of fire hazards and its harmonisation along with standardisations presented by leading international research institutions. A significant correlation between meteorological parameters and forest fire occurrence was found. This opens a possibility for further investigation and analysis of geophysical and anthropogenic driven factors that can influence disaster occurrence.

Heat wave risk assessment and mapping in urban areas: case study for a midsized Central European city, Novi Sad (Serbia)

Risk assessment and mapping methodologies for heat waves as frequently occurring hazards in central and southeastern Europe were applied in this study, and the impact of heat waves on the mortality of urban populations was determined as part of the assessment. The methodology for conducting the heat wave risk assessment is based on European Commission’s Guidelines for Risk Assessment and Mapping. The Novi Sad (Serbia) urban area was studied during summer 2015, which was one of the hottest summers in the last few decades. In situ air temperature measurements from urban stations and mortality of urban populations were used. Nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) intensity values between the various built-up zones and natural surrounding areas were used for the hazard level calculation. Temperature data from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. were used because during the night, the UHI intensity reached its maximum values. The average daily number of deaths by LCZs was used to define the impact level of the vulnerability index. Calculations for both hazard levels were completed during two intensive heat waves (in July and August 2015) when it was expected that there may be a high level of risk. The results and maps show that the urban area is complex, and the heat wave risk on the population is not uniform. The most densely built-up areas (LCZs 2, 5 and 6) have very high or high risk values that are influenced by a higher rate of mortality. The obtained results and maps can be used by local authorities to prevent and mitigate climate-related hazards, for medical institutions as well as urban planners and for ancillary local, regional or national services. According to these results, the local authorities could define hot spots where they can place medical and rescue teams and install points with water supplies, etc.

Possibilities of applying CORONA archive satellite images in forest cover change detection: Example of the Fruska Gora Mountain

This paper examines the possibilities, advantages and limitations of the use of high resolution archive satellite images in evaluation of forest and other land cover changes, based on research in the sample area of the Fruška Gora mountain (Serbia). Satellite images available from the declassified archives of CORONA program were used to assess the extent of forest cover in the past. By comparing the resulting datasets with newer images, changes in the forest coverage can be detected and reconstructed for a period of more than 40 years. Despite many limiting factors, the images provided valuable information about the state of the forest cover in the past. The methodology used can be utilised in other similar areas, where no other, more precise source is available about forest coverage, as a means of reasonably inexpensive and time efficient assessment of forest cover and other land use changes in the past

Determination of wind energy potential and its implementation concept for the electricity market in the Vojvodina region (north Serbia): An overview

Renewable energy sources play an important role in the future not only for the European countries, but for many countries worldwide. Most cost-effective and reliable large wind energy conversion systems are becoming the main focus of wind energy research and technology development, all in order to make wind energy competitive with other more traditional sources of electrical energy like coal, gas and nuclear generation. Serbia, along with neighbouring countries, has a high potential for developing energy production from renewable energy sources. Wind energy in Serbia, despite its great potential, is only partly studied and insufficiently used. This study aims to provide summary of wind energy potentials in the region of Vojvodina, which is an important economic region in northern Serbia. Its existing electrical energy status is thoroughly investigated according to the recent developments of wind energy production on global, regional and local scale. The main purpose of this study is the implementation of energy efficiency concept with purpose of satisfying the needs of Serbian electricity market.

Main characteristics of water regime of the phreatic aquifer in Subotica municipality: Vojvodina, Serbia

Introduction Formation and distribution of the phreatic (unconfined, free, first, shallow) aquifer, groundwater layer the closest to topographic surface, primarily depends on the ruling hydrogeological conditions and relations that are perceived in the presence of rocks of intergranular porosity with favourable water collecting abilities within the top (covering) geological layer and impermeable rocks in the bottom geological layer of a certain geological complex. Main characteristics of the phreatic aquifer water regime result from the series of complex and interdependent phenomena and processes whose character is defined by numerous natural and anthropogenic factors. Among the natural factors, besides above-mentioned hydrogeological conditions, it is necessary to mention pedological, geomorphologic, fitogeographical and especially climate and hydrological circumstances. However, anthropogenic factor significantly modifies the natural regime of the phreatic aquifer in the areas with appropriate hydrotechnical works conducted or intensive irrigation/drainage of cultivated land (Pavić, 2006; Pavić et al., 2006; Pennington, Cech, 2010). Abstract

Water regime and the direction of drainage of phreatic aquifer in the Backa loess plateau

Introduction The distribution of the phreatic aquifer and main characteristics of its regime are related to a number of very complex and interdependent phenomena and processes whose character has been defined by numerous factors among which the most important would be hydrological, pedological and geomorphological conditions, and especially the way, type and quantity of input, as well as of the output of water. The fluctuations of the water-table of the primary aquifer is, above all, a result of unsteady input and output of water, which is directly dependent of the uneven distribution of precipitation and the dominant temperatures of air and soil, i.e. the quantity of evaporation. Apart from the vertical component of the flow, and because of the relief conditions, there is also a horizontal movement of the phreatic aquifer from the high water-tables of the absolute height of the phreatic water-table to the low levels. The basic aim of this paper has established major characteristics of the water regime and the direction of the output of the phreatic aquifer of the Bačka loess plateau, as well as putting them into cause-result relation with the factors that characterise them.