Drishtysingh Ramdenee

Control of small-scale wind/diesel/battery hybrid standalone power generation system based on fixed speed generators for remote areas

In this paper control design for safe and effective operation of small-scale hybrid wind/diesel/Battery standalone power generation system (WT-DG HSPGS) employing fixed speed generators is investigated. To compensate the fluctuation of wind power, reduce the run-time of the diesel generator (DG), regulate the AC voltage and the system frequency, as well as, to improve the power quality at the PCC, STATCOM supported by battery energy storage system (BESS) is controlled employing synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory and estimated in-phase and quadrature unit AC voltage templates. To synchronize the DG to the PCC, breaker switch is controlled using the estimated voltage phase angle and the system frequency. To protect BESS from overcharging, dump loads is controlled using simple approach based on BESS limit charging voltage. To test the performance of the proposed WT-DG HSPGS and their developed control algorithms under presence of balanced/unbalanced, linear/nonlinear loads and change in climate conditions, simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink.

Dynamic modeling of diesel generator based on electrical and mechanical aspects

Nowadays the studies of diesel generators are limited to present mechanical dynamic of the process or the electrical one, this is due to the complexity and the high no linearity of the DG. This paper gives a revue of different model which can describe the total dynamic process of the diesel generator. Then a developed model is proposed to study the interaction between the mechanical and electrical aspects in a DG. The validity of the proposed model is verified by an application in a study case. The developed model has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation result confirms the dynamic performances of the system compared with the operational data of the DG of TechnoCentre eolien (TCE).

Modelling of aerodynamic flutter on a NACA 4412 airfoil with application to wind turbine blades

The study of aeroelastic phenomena on Wind Turbines (WTs) has become a very important issue when it comes to safety and economic considerations, as WTs tend towards gigantism and flexibility. At the Wind Energy Research Laboratory (WERL), several studies and papers have been conducted and published, all focusing on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD model) approaches to model and simulate different aeroelastic phenomena. Despite the very interesting results obtained, CFD is very costly and is difficult to use directly for control purposes, due to the consequent computational time. This paper describes a complementary lumped system approach to CFD to model flutter phenomenon. This model is based on a Matlab-Simulink model that integrates turbulence characteristics as well as characteristics of aerodynamic physics. From this model, we elaborate on flutter eigenmodes and eigenvalues in an aim to apply control strategies and relate the ANSYS-based CFD modelling to the lumped system.

Aeroelasticity of Wind Turbines Blades Using Numerical Simulation

With roller coaster traditional fuel prices and ever increasing energy demand, wind energy has known significant growth over the last years. To pave the way for higher efficiency and profitability of wind turbines, advances have been made in different aspects related to this technology. One of these has been the increasing size of wind turbines, thus rendering the wind blades gigantic, lighter and more flexible whilst reducing material requirements and cost. This trend towards gigantism increases risks of aeroelastic effects including dire phe‐ nomena like dynamic stall, divergence and flutter. These phenomena are the result of the combined effects of aerodynamic, inertial and elastic forces. In this chapter, we are present‐ ing a qualitative overview followed by analytical and numerical models of these phenomena and their impacts on wind turbine blades with special emphasize on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. As definition suggests, modeling of aeroelastic effects require the simultaneous analysis of aerodynamic solicitations of the wind flow over the blades, their dynamic behavior and the effects on the structure. Transient modeling of each of these char‐ acteristics including fluid-structure interaction requires high level computational capacities. The use of CFD codes in the preprocessing, solving and post processing of aeroelastic prob‐ lems is the most appropriate method to merge the theory with direct aeroelastic applications and achieve required accuracy. The conservation laws of fluid motion and boundary condi‐ tions used in aeroelastic modeling will be tackled from a CFD point of view. To do so, the chapter will focus on the application of finite volume methods to solve Navier-Stokes equa‐ tions with special attention to turbulence closure and boundary condition implementation. Three aeroelastic phenomena with direct application to wind turbine blades are then stud‐ ied using the proposed methods. First, dynamic stall will be used as case study to illustrate

Curriculum Development into Renewable Energies Through Coupled Research and Applied Projects

The Wind Energy Research Laboratory (WERL) has been a pioneer in promoting renewable energies by spinning off breakthroughs in research led by the laboratory experts to applied commercial and academic projects. The WERL has, over the years, promoted research and supported numerous academic and commercial ventures in renewable energies in diverse fields such as wind turbine aerodynamics, blade aeroelasticity, ice accretion modeling and mitigation, wind forecasting and wind turbine control. This chapter focuses on projects that aim at promoting a new training method in renewable energies which makes use of developments made in research to be applied in real-life projects through WERL-harbored laboratory ECO-UQAR. ECO-UQAR, a subsidiary of the WERL, is presently conducting research in diverse fields: wind potential assessment, wind turbine design, wind turbine control, multi-source energy coupling. Simultaneously, the ECO-UQAR is setting up a complete wind turbine-wind tunnel and solar panel-coupled energy source bench test to put forward both a physical renewable laboratory and a virtual laboratory based on the former one. The breakthroughs in these researches will be used in diverse projects. In this chapter we focus on research being conducted on the different quoted disciplines and the application of the different concepts in solving a water distribution problem via a humanitarian project. The concept of the whole laboratory is to promote research and training in the domain of renewable energies to incite a new curriculum development which triggers learning interest in complex research issues via applied projects.

Analysis of a micro-grid behavior by a supervisory control and data acquisition system-experimental validation

The aim of this paper is to present the benefits of the use of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for the deployment of a micro-grid supplied by hybrid energy system in remote sites and unconnected grids. A microgrid, based in the experimental test site of TechnoCentre éolien (TCE) at Riviere-au-Renard (Québec), and equipped by a SCADA system has been selected as case study for this paper. An overview on the SCADA communication system of micro-grids is presented and several validations by using the SCADA system of the TCEs microgrid are studied and analyzed. Indeed, the SCADA system used in, allows studying different behavior of the TCEs microgrid and it offers effective methods for improving the control systems, equipment performance and the management of remote areas.

CFD modelling of thermal distribution in industrial server centres for configuration optimisation and energy efficiency

The use of servers for computational and communication control tasks is becoming more and more frequent in industries and institutions. Ever increasing computational power and data storage combined with reduction in chipsets size resulted in the increased heat density and need for proper configurations of the server racks to enhance cooling and energy efficiency. While different methods can be used to model and design new server centres and optimise their configuration, there is no clear guideline in the literature on the best way to design them and how to increase energy efficiency of existing server centres. This paper presents a simplified yet reliable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model used to qualitatively evaluate different cooling solutions of a data centre and proposes guidelines to improve its energy efficiency. The influence of different parameters and configurations on the cooling load of the server room is then analysed.