Dulcinéia Elizabete Foltran

Linhagens diaplóides de trigo: desempenho agronômico em dois locais do estado de São Paulo e tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio em laboratório

Twenty wheat genotypes (18 dihaploid lines and the IAC-24 and IAC-370 cultivars) were evaluated in experiments carried out under dryland and acid soil conditions in Capao Bonito and under sprinkler irrigation and limed soil conditions in Tatui in 2001-03 period. Grain yield, yield components, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance were evaluated. The genotypes were also evaluated for their tolerance to Al toxicity, in nutrient solutions, under laboratory conditions. IAC-24 and the dihaploid lines (L3, L4, L5, L8, L14, L15, L16, L17, L18, L19 e L20), in Capao Bonito, were superior for grain yield. In nutrient solutions, these were the most tolerant genotypes to aluminum toxicity. All genotypes exhibited semi-dwarf plant type. The dihaploid line L15 and L16, presented lodging resistance, IAC-370 longer spikes and higher number of grain per spike and per spikelet, L8 higher number of spikelets per spike and L6 and L7 the heavier grains. All evaluated genotypes were susceptible to leaf spot. The lines L4, L14, L15, L16, L17 and L18 originated from the cross R27/GHL121//KAL/BB/3/BUC/BUL/4/IAC-24 showed resistance to leaf rust. The higher grain yield genotypes, under dryland and acid soil conditions, were associated to taller semi-dwarf plants with tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Under sprinkler irrigation and limed soil conditions the highest yielding genotypes were not associated to either semi-dwarf plants or those tolerant to aluminum toxicity.

Avaliação dos acessos de alho coleção do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas

Fifty accesses from the garlic germplasm bank of Instituto Agronomico de Campinas were evaluated in Tiete and Jundiai, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The field trials were carried out in 2003, and the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates. The data were subjected to an ANOVA and the means compared using the Skott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The access Piedade and Gigante de Curitibanos showed excellent performance for yield and bulb quality in both locations. On the other hand, environmental interaction occurred for access Bulbilho Aereo 2 and Andradas Manoel Lopes 2. For the first one, the bulb size was different and for the second the yield changed. A greater genetic diversity on yield and bulb diameter was observed in Jundiai, due to lower environmental effects.

Produtividade de cultivares de alho na região paulista de Tietê

The high cost of garlic seed and the refrigeration process may increase yield, but it is a barrier for small farmers who are responsible for the large Brazilian production. Therefore, research seeking low cost garlic seed, regionally made, and competition studies for yield between refrigerated and no refrigerated cultivars are fundamental. This work aimed to evaluate yield and bulb quality of four no refrigerated garlic varieties (Assai 3702, Gigante de Curitibanos, Santa Catarina Branco and Santa Catarina Roxo) and the refrigerated type Jonas (storage at 4o C for 40 days). The field trial was carried out during March-September 2005, in Tiete, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with five replications. Jonas, without differ from Santa Catarina Roxo, Santa Catarina Branco, and Assai 3702 produced higher yields (8.4; 7.6; 7.4 and 6.9 t.ha-1 respectively) and greater bulb weights (30.5; 27.0; 26.3 and 24.6 g respectively). For bulb diameter these four varieties were graded as type 4 (36-45mm), Gigante de Curitibanos was lower than Jonas concerning to yield and bulb mass.

Absorção de silício, produtividade e incidência de Diatraea saccharalis em cultivares de cana-de-açúcar

The variability of silicon absorption in sugarcane cultivars can be associate with its yield and sugarcane borer (D. saccharalis) incidence. The objective of this work was to evaluate silicon uptake by the leaves and accumulation in total aerial plant and its relationship to yield, quality and stalk borer in sugarcane cultivars. The experiment was carried out at Tiete, SP during March 2007 to July 2008, randomized complete blocks design with four replications and nine cultivars (IAC 86-2480, IAC 91-1099, IAC 87-3396, IACSP 94-4004, IACSP 93-6006, IACSP-93-3046, IACSP-94-2094, IACSP 94-2101, RB 86-7515). Yields were superior to 100 t ha-1 at 16 months of age and IAC 91-1099 and RB 86 7515 cultivars showed the highest diameter and height, respectively. The IAC 91-1099 showed the highest values of sugar and lowest to fiber content. Silicon content in leaves collected at 6 months showed not significant differences. The IACSP 93-3046, IACSP 93-6006 and IAC 91-1099 showed the highest silicon content in the leaves at 8 months and they were superior to 10 g kg-1 Si. Higher silicon content in the leaves was found for IAC 91-1099 at 10, 14 and 16 months and, in bagasse, to RB 86-7515 at 10 and 12 months. The foliar analysis collected at 8 months and the total aerial plant, collected just before harvest, were efficient to show differences on silicon uptake among cultivars. There was no relationship among Si uptake and yield and borer stalk incidence, which was reduced with increase of fiber content

ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE DE LINHAGENS DIAPLÓIDES DE TRIGO

This investigation had the objective to evaluate the grain yield adaptability and stability of 18 wheat dihaploid inbred lines and two wheat cultivars, at four locations of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 2001 to 2004, utilizing three methods (Eberhart and Russell; Cruz and colleagues and Lin and Binns, modified by Carneiro). During each year the experiments were carried out at: Monte Alegre do Sul and Tatui (sprinkler irrigation and limed soil); Capao Bonito (upland and acid soil) and Tiete (upland and limed soil), totalizing 16 experimental areas. Randomized block design with four replications was utilized. The joint analysis of variance for the 16 experiments and the analysis of variance for each location, showed that all sources of variations presented significant effects, except genotypes x years interactions in Monte Alegre do Sul. In these location cultivars IAC-24 and IAC-370 were superior for grain yield considering the average of the four years. Adaptability and stability methods were calculated for the other locations. Considering the best genotypes for grain yield taking in account the 16 experiments, the three methods indicated that the lines 5, 6 and 7 were adapted to unfavorable environments. IAC-24 and IAC-370 cultivars were adapted to suitable environments. Lin and Binns method indicated by the analysis of variance of each location that cultivar IAC-24 and inbred line 7 as the more stable to Capao Bonito, Tiete and Tatui.

Yield and incidence of hollow stem disorder of cauliflower 'Sharon' influenced by the application of nitrogen and boron.

The hollow stem disorder is a common problem in cauliflower, resulting in similar symptoms as those caused by B deficiency. Its occurrence in cauliflower is related to nitrogen and boron levels. There exist little information about this subject in Brazil. The effect of nitrogen rates and boron application periods were evaluated on the cauliflower production and incidence of hollow stem. The experiment was carried out from November 2005 through February 2006 in a Kandiustalf soil (0.54 mg B kg-1, BaCl2 1.25 mg L-1) at Tiete region, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, four N levels (100; 150; 200 and 250 kg ha-1) and two periods of B application (one and two applications) and a control (without application). Cauliflower curd diameter ranged from 16.45 to 22.03 cm and the commercial yield from 15.71 to 29 t ha-1; these two traits were not influenced by treatments. Nitrogen rates increased linearly in leaves and curds. The hollow stem and curd browning were reduced and commercial yield was increased with B fertilization. The correlation between B concentration on leaves (r= 0.66; p<0.05) and curds (r= 0.76; p<0.05) with hollow stem disorder was negative. Boron fertilization is necessary to reduce the symptoms of hollow stem when cauliflower is grow in soil with medium B level (0.54 mg B dm-3). More studies are needed using other types of soil and other cauliflower cultivars in order to reduce this physiological disorder in tropical conditions and increase the efficiency of boron fertilization.

Produtividade e pseudoperfilhamento do alho influenciados pelo nitrogênio, potássio e cobertura morta

Os alhos nobres vernalizados apresentam tendencia ao pseudoperfilhamento, podendo ser influenciados pelo nitrogenio, potassio e cobertura vegetal, mas ha poucos estudos sobre o assunto. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Amarelo distrofico, textura media, em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 2, composto de quatro doses de N (0; 50; 100 e 150 kg ha-1), quatro doses de K20 (0; 50; 100 e 150 kg ha-1), dois sistemas de manejos (com e sem cobertura morta) e tres repeticoes. A area util de cada parcela foi de 1,5 m2, sendo feito o plantio (maio de 1999 e de 2000) no espacamento de 0,20 x 0,10 m. Apos a colheita (outubro de 1999 e 2000) e a cura (50 dias), foi feita a pesagem, avaliacao de pseudoperfilhamento e de outros defeitos, calculando-se as produtividades total e comercial. Houve efeito das doses de nitrogenio, de potassio e da cobertura mortal, de maneira independente sem ocorrer interacao entre esses fatores, variando em funcao de cada avaliacao. A adubacao nitrogenada aumentou o pseudoperfilhamento e a potassica reduziu esse disturbio nos dois anos. Os bulbos classificados como miudos predominaram em 1999 e os medios em 2000. A cobertura vegetal proporcionou menores producoes em todas as classes, produtividade total e comercial e nao influenciou outros defeitos nos dois anos. A produtividade total maxima estimada foi 3.922 e 8.689 kg ha-1 com 74 e 107 kg ha-1 N em 1999 e 2000, respectivamente. A produtividade comercial (3.563 kg ha-1) foi verificada com 68 kg ha-1 N em 1999 e nao houve resposta as doses de nitrogenio em 2000. A maxima producao comercial estimada de alho ocorreu com 94,5 kg ha-1 K2O em 1999 e, em 2000, a resposta foi linear.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos em mamão

Genetic and phenotypic parameters of papaya (Carica papaya L.) were estimated for plant height, stem diameter at 10 and 50 cm height (above the soil surface), number of leaves, internodes length and foliar index at the ages of three, five and seven months old. The experiment was conducted using eight half-sib progenies at Tiete Experimental Station, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results of the variance analyses showed significant effects for plant height for the three ages; for stem diameter at 10 cm height, in seven month old plants; and for median internodes length in three and five month old plants. Estimates for the genotypic determination coefficient, for the average of progenies, were high in most of the cases. These results showed the possibility of a successful mass selection of papaya, for the variables studied.