Duran Bolat

Quality of Silages from Sunflower Harvested at Different Vegetational Stages

Abstract Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Çelik, S., Bakici, Y. and Çelik, S. 2006. Quality of silages from sunflower harvested at different vegetational stages. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 161–165. This study was carried out to determine qualities and in vivo digestibility of silage of sunflower green herbage harvested at blooming, milk or dough stage and incubated in 120 l plastic barrels for 90 days. While dry matter, organic matter and crude fat content increased at dough stage, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber decreased (P<0.05). The highest lactic and propionic acid and the lowest butyric acid and pH values were observed in blooming stage silage. While dry grass yield and table ratio increased with maturity, stem and leaf ratio as well as digestibility of most of the nutrients decreased (P<0.05). It may be concluded that high quality alternative silages could be obtained from sunflower green herbage, best coming from bloom stage.

Effect of Molasses and Sulphuric Acid Addition to Barley/Hungarian Vetch Bi-Crop Silages

Abstract Bingol, N.T., Karsli, M.A., Bolat, D. and Akca, I. 2006. Effect of molasses and sulphuric acid addition to barley/Hungarian vetch bi-crop silages. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 29–32. To determine the effects of sulphuric acid (H2SO4 and molasses (M) on silage quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility, barley (157/37 Tokak) and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) were planted together at the rate of 3:1 and harvested at the milk stage of barley and conserved in 1 kg jar, laboratory silos. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 6% M, 0.3% 2N H2SO4, 0.3% 4N H2SO4, 0.3% 2N H2SO4 + 6% M and 0.3% 4N H2SO4 + 6% M. Dry matter was significantly higher in silages treated with molasses and with 4N H2SO4 + M (P<0.05). Ash, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations were not affected by additives. ThepH values were significantly lower in silages treated with 2N H2SO4 and 4N H2SO4 (P<0.05). Silages treated with molasses, 2N H2SO4 and 2N H2SO4 + M had significantly higher lactic acid concentrations (P<0.05). The addition of 2N H2SO4 + M and 4N H2SO4 + M into silages increased silage propionic acid levels (P<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility of silages with additives, except 4N H2SO4 + M, were significantly higher compared with control (P<0.05). Addition of molasses and 2N H2SO4 may be considered to improve quality of barley + Hungarian vetch bi crop silage.

Effect of Various Additives and Harvesting Stages on Rumen Degradation of Sunflower Silages

Abstract Demirel, M., Bolat, D., Eratak, S., Çelik, S., Bakici, Y., Çelik, S. and Güney, M. 2009. Effect of various additives and harvesting stages on rumen degradation of sunflower silages. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 35: 119–124. To study effective degradability (nylon bag technique) of sunflower silage, as influenced by harvesting stage (blooming, milk or dough) or molasses (m)/urea (u) mixture, seven different silage samples for each harvest stage [sunflower (SF) and 6 mixtures (2%mSF, 4%mSF, 2%m+0.5%uSF, 2%m+l%uSF, 4%m+0.5%uSF, 4%m+l%uSF)] were incubated for 70 days in 1 litter jars. The DM and CP effective degradation of SF silage was found to be similar at blooming and milking stage and higher than that of dough stage (P<0.05). The effective degradation of ADF and NDF of SF silage at milking and dough stages was lower than that of blooming stage. The positive effects of molasses and molasses+urea additives on effective degradability were observed. It was concluded that decreased degradability of nutrient matters because of its advanced vegetational stage could be partly compensated by using different amount of molasses and molasses+urea additives.

Nutritional Evaluation of Grain and Straw Fractions of Pea Genotypes Grown Under Arid Conditions

Abstract Bingol, N.T., Bolat, D., Levendoglu, T., Togay, Y. and Togay, N. 2008. Nutritional evaluation of grain and straw fractions of pea genotypes grown under arid conditions. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 93–97. The aim of this study was to select the best winter resistant pea genotype as ruminant feed suitable for arid conditions, based on nutritive value and yields. Twelve genotypes viz. A(1103220), B(110121-1), C(110121), D(101917), E(1084222), F(1101545), G(B 8), H(B 6), K(1131556), M(1131522), N(121918), and P(10431) were randomly assigned in three replicates to subplots within each main plot. B genotype had the greatest grain dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yields. C genotype had the highest straw DM and DDM yields, whereas, F genotype had the lowest DM, CP and DDM yields (P<0.05). Based on total CP and DDM yields B and C genotypes appeared to be the most suitable for the arid region.