Duygu Sari

Transgressive segregations for yield criteria in reciprocal interspecific crosses between Cicer arietinum L. and C. reticulatum Ladiz.

Wild Cicer species are considered to be more resistant for biotic and abiotic stresses than that of the cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Alien genes conferring resistance for biotic and abiotic stresses can be transferred from wild Cicer species to the cultivated chickpea but success in interspecific hybridizations has already been achieved with only two wild Cicer species. The current study was undertaken to compare fruitful heterosis in F2 and F3 for yield and yield criteria and to identify transgressive segregation in F2 and F3 in reciprocal interspecific crosses between C. arietinum and C. reticulatum Ladiz. We define fruitful heterosis as a useful parameter that can be used instead of residual heterosis. Considerable fruitful heterosis in F2 and F3 was found for number of seeds, pods per plant, biological yield, and seed yield. Maximum values of most of the characteristics in F2 and F3 were higher than that of the best parent indicating that superior progeny could be selected for yield from transgressive segregation. Progeny selection should be based on number of seeds, pods per plant, and biological yield since these characteristics had the highest direct effect on seed yield. The narrow sense heritability was found to be the highest for 100-seed weight. It was suggested that the cultivated chickpea could be used as female parent in interspecific hybridization to increase yield and yield criteria since progeny in F2 and F3 had better performance when it was used as female. In conclusion, interspecific hybridization of wild and cultivated chickpea can be used to improve yield and yield components and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well.

Agro-morphological traits of Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky in comparison to C. echinospermum P.H. Davis in terms of potential to improve cultivated chickpea (C. arietinum L.)

Germplasm collections of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum are limited, while both species face threats from over-grazing and habitat change in their natural environments. Recently many new accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were collected in east and south-east Anatolia (Turkey) but they have not yet been evaluated for agro-morphological traits. Therefore, the current study investigated agro-morphological traits of new germplasm sources of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum and evaluated resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses for chickpea improvement. The most attractive agro-morphological traits were canopy width, number of stems and pods per plant and biological yield. The most productive accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum had 712 and 625 pods per plant, respectively. Two distinct seed, flower and leaf shapes were found in accessions of C. echinospermum. Path analyses indicated that biological yield and harvest index had the most direct influence on seed yield in both species. Factor analyses showed that high seed yield in C. reticulatum depended on high biological yield and number of pods per plant, whereas high seed yield in C. echinospermum depended on harvest index. It was concluded that most accessions of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum were not only resistant to some biotic and abiotic stresses but also had hidden alleles that could produce transgressive segregation in crosses to cultivated material.

Revealing of resistant sources in Cicer species to chickpea leaf miner, Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani)

The chickpea leaf miner, Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is an important pest of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A 2-year field study was carried out to screen a total of 126 Cicer germplasm for resistance to the leaf miner during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Resistance was evaluated using a visual scale of 1–9, where 1 = highly resistant and 9 = very highly susceptible under natural infestation conditions. The results showed that two C. arietinum accessions, ILC 3397 and Sierra, had a score of 9 on the scale, being very highly susceptible. Three germplasm, one mutant (3304) and two breeding lines (LMR 140 and LMR 160) of C. arietinum, were found to be highly resistant with the scores ranging from 1.5 to 2 for resistance to the leaf miner. The mutant, 3304, was detected for the first time in this study as a highly leaf miner-resistant mutant of the cultivated chickpeas while the other two breeding lines had been previously reported as highly resistant against the leaf miner. In addition, two mutants and 14 breeding lines of C. arietinum and two mutants and one germplasm of C. reticulatum were identified as resistant having the scores from 2.1 to 3 on the 1–9 scale. The results suggest that these resistant germplasm may add a new dimension to chickpea breeding programs because they possess valuable traits for resistance against the pest. The resistant chickpeas that can be grown without using pesticides are important as environmental protection and reliable food source for human health.

Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis genotiplerinde nohut yaprak galeri sineğine [Liriomyza cicerina Rond. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] dayanıklılığın değerlendirilmesi

Nohut yaprak galeri sinegi [ Liriomyza cicerina Rond. (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] dikkate deger verim kayiplarina yol actigi icin Turkiye’deki en onemli ve yaygin nohut ( Cicer arietinum L) zararlilardan biridir. Nohut yaprak galeri sinegi zararinin ustesinden gelmek icin en pratik, cevreci ve ekonomik cozumlerden biri dayanikli cesitlerin kullanilmasidir. Bu calisma tarimi yapilan nohut ile melezlenebilen Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis genotiplerinin nohut yaprak galeri sinegine dayaniklilik icin degerlendirilmesini amaclamistir. C. echinospermum turune ait 22 genotip ve nohut yaprak galeri sinegine duyarli tarimi yapilan bir genotip tarla kosullarinda bir 1-9 gorsel olcek kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. Hassas genotip (CA 2969) her 10 sirada tekrarlanmistir. Genotipler 1-9 gorsel olcegi uzerinden hassas genotip 8 olcek degeri aldiktan sonra degerlendirilmistir. C. echinospermum genotiplerinin buyuk cogunlugu dayanikli olarak bulunmustur. Bu dayaniklilik kaynaklari C. echinospermum tarimi yapilan nohut ile melezlenebildigi icin islah programlarinda kullanilabilecektir.

Resurrection of Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum (Asparagaceae) with morphological and molecular data

Abstract This study evaluates Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum, which was previously accepted as a synonym of O. oligophyllum, as a separate distinct species and discusses the similarities and differences between O. brevipedicellatum and its related species (O. oligophyllum and O. pamphylicum). Similarities and differences among these species were identifi ed by morphological and molecular studies. The leaf morphology and inflorescence of O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar to each other, and in terms of these features, they show differences from O. oligophyllum. Some diagnostic characteristics are quite different in O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum, such as the size of tepals, length of fruiting pedicels and style. Morphological data were supported by the results obtained from molecular studies. According to a dendrogram obtained by molecular studies, O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar. O. oligophyllum is more closely related to O. pyrenaicum used as an out-group. Additionally, the seeds of O. brevipedicellatum were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy