Dyah Ekashanti Octorina Dewi

Chemopreventive effect of apple and berry fruits against colon cancer

Colon cancer arises due to the conversion of precancerous polyps (benign) found in the inner lining of the colon. Prevention is better than cure, and this is very true with respect to colon cancer. Various epidemiologic studies have linked colorectal cancer with food intake. Apple and berry juices are widely consumed among various ethnicities because of their nutritious values. In this review article, chemopreventive effects of these fruit juices against colon cancer are discussed. Studies dealing with bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo effects of apple and berry juices are emphasized in this article. A thorough literature survey indicated that various phenolic phytochemicals present in these fruit juices have the innate potential to inhibit colon cancer cell lines. This review proposes the need for more preclinical evidence for the effects of fruit juices against different colon cancer cells, and also strives to facilitate clinical studies using these juices in humans in large trials. The conclusion of the review is that these apple and berry juices will be possible candidates in the campaign against colon cancer.

Position Tracking Systems for Ultrasound Imaging: A Survey

With the rapid advancement of position tracking devices, the application of such system in medical imaging is increasing correspondingly. The uses of position tracking systems in ultrasound imaging have been established for more than a decade. Its implementation ranges from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound reconstruction, image registration for multimodality imaging, to image-guided navigation. This progression has brought the ultrasound imaging system become more accurate, interactive, multidimensional, and ubiquitous with other systems. This chapter provides an appraisal of various position tracking systems for ultrasound biomedical imaging applications. We highlight our study on the position tracking devices, methods overview, and position tracking implementation in ultrasound imaging systems and applications.

Development of a half sphere bending soft actuator for flexible bronchoscope movement

Flexible bronchoscope (FOB) is commonly used nowaday for airway observation in lung diagnosis because of its easier, safer, and good tolerant technique. However, during intubation, FOB may lead to get jammed due to unpassed size. In this paper, a novel soft-tip FOB development using soft actuator mechanism is proposed to solve the jamming problem. The study is focused on the design, fabrication, and implementation stages. The FOB design utilized a molding system that was drawn using SolidWorks and printed using 3D printer. The FOB fabrication used the printed mold to create the soft-tip by pouring the silicon rubber and mixing the inner and outer layers into the mold and solidifying them. The FOB initial implementation was performed by using tube and air pressure generator. By fabricating two types of soft actuator, combining twisting as well as bending movement actuator, a half-sphere movement actuator was developed. The result shows that the proposed soft-tip could move close to half-sphere bending motion after standard pressure driving experiment was executed.

Review on Image Guided Lung Biopsy

Lung biopsy is an established field. Throughout years physician and scientist have been exploring the field, from technical and clinical point of view. Mainly there are three types of lung biopsy, open, bronchoscopic, and fine needle aspiration biopsy. Open biopsy is essentially a surgery, thus not really dependent on image guiding system. On the other hand, bronchoscopic and fine needle aspiration biopsy relay heavily in image guiding system. Curiously, it is rare to find both biopsy types talked side by side. In this paper, both biopsy types explored and compared from technical and clinical point of view. Technical wise, bronchoscopic biopsy trend is toward path finding algorithm, while fine needle aspiration biopsy trend is toward breathing compensation algorithm and automatization. Clinical wise, there is no evidence that one type hold better diagnostic value than the other.

Development of Flexible Bronchoscope Device Using Soft Actuator

Flexible bronchoscope or fiber optic bronchoscope (FOB) is commonly used for airway observation in lung diagnosis because of its easy, safe, and good tolerant technique. However, during intubation, FOB may lead to get jammed due to unpassed size. A novel soft-tip FOB development using soft actuator mechanism is proposed to solve the jamming problem. The study is focused on the design, fabrication, and implementation stages. The FOB design utilized a molding system that was drawn using SolidWorks and printed using 3D printer. The FOB fabrication used the printed mold to create the soft-tip by mixing the silicone rubber with its curing agent, pouring the mixture into the mold and solidifying them into the mold. The FOB initial implementation was performed by using tube and air compressor. Fabricating two types of soft actuator twisting and bending actuator developed a flexible bronchoscope using soft actuator. The result shows that the proposed soft-tip could move close to movement requirement after standard pressure driving experiment was executed.

Design, simulation, and kinematic analysis of a manipulator-based 3D position tracking system

In recent decades, the use of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) imaging of organs has been growing rapidly compared to its two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) type. The use of freehand technique in 3DUS system may help to improve the natural flexibility performance. To realize a 3DUS freehand imaging, a position tracking system which measures the US probe position in real time is added. The design, simulation, and analysis of a new 6 degree-of-freedom (6DOF) manipulator-based position tracking system for 3DUS probe are presented in this paper. The forward kinematics of the manipulator was calculated using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) convention. The position of end-effector, which represented the US probe position, was then measured using the joint parameters. The mathematical equations were then verified using Robotic Toolbox in MATLAB as the simulation software. The results of both simulation and equation verified the validity of the kinematic equations.

Improved Ultrasound Imaging for Knee Osteoarthritis Detection

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is most common compare to other joint OA. Ultrasound (US) imaging has a number of benefits over other medical imaging modalities. There is a significant change in the shape of cartilage due to the progression of knee OA and its associated cartilage degeneration. By using US imaging, it is possible to detect knee joint space narrowing. Nevertheless, the low contrast ratio and presence of speckle noise limit the application of US imaging. This book will present a new contrast enhancing and speckle noise reducing method which will overcome the existing limitations of US medical imaging. In this method, for contrast enhancement, optimum values of contrast, brightness and detail preservation will be considered. Most of the conventional contrast enhancing methods emphasizes only one character; in contrast, the proposed method involves establishing a separating point to segment histogram for optimal contrast, brightness and detail preservation simultaneously. Three metrics will be used in this optimization, namely Preservation of Brightness Score function (PBS), Optimum Contrast Score function (OCS), and Preservation of Detail Score function (PDS), each of which will be defined. To both reduce speckle noise and preserve edge features, anisotropic diffusion (AD) method has been improved by using a new diffusivity function and four gradient thresholds instead of one. For analyzing the performance of the proposed method, quantitative and qualitative analysis has been performed using real ultrasound images. Results prove that the proposed method out-performs other existing methods.

Apical four-chamber echocardiography segmentation using Marker-controlled Watershed segmentation

Echocardiography provides information about size, shape, and function of heart to create the image. Apical four-chamber echocardiography can be obtained by placing the ultrasound probe at the apex of the left ventricle. Such view enables to analyze heart abnormalities. In this regard, chamber quantification is recommended to evaluate the heart volume by defining the endocardial border of the chambers. Image segmentation that subdivides an image into different regions may be suitable to analyze the chambers. In this study, we propose a Marker-controlled Watershed segmentation method. It involves Watershed Transform, internal and external markers, and morphological processing. The advantage is that it can control over-segmentation due to noise and other local irregularities. We tested the proposed method on an apical four-chamber echocardiography image and a model image. We also compared the segmentation result with an Active Contour-based segmentation method. The results show that the Watershed Transform performs better than Active Contour.

Finite Element Analysis for PDMS Based Dual Chamber Bellows Structured Pneumatic Actuator

In this paper, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material based pneumatic actuator with a dual chambered square bellows structure was designed and simulated. Using finite element analysis (FEA), the maximum output displacement, bending angle and input pressure requirements for the actuator were analyzed. The simulation analysis revealed that 9 mm2 square bellows actuator with 17.4 mm length resulted in bidirectional bending. The actuator achieved maximum bending angles of 61° at 38 kPa and 78.5° at 45 kPa under successive and discrete actuation respectively, which makes it suitable for catheter navigation system. The results presented in this work are expected to promote the application of pneumatic based actuators in biomedical application and beyond.

Extended gray level co-occurrence matrix computation for 3D image volume

Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is one of the main techniques for texture analysis that has been widely used in many applications. Conventional GLCMs usually focus on two-dimensional (2D) image texture analysis only. However, a three-dimensional (3D) image volume requires specific texture analysis computation. In this paper, an extended 2D to 3D GLCM approach based on the concept of multiple 2D plane positions and pixel orientation directions in the 3D environment is proposed. The algorithm was implemented by breaking down the 3D image volume into 2D slices based on five different plane positions (coordinate axes and oblique axes) resulting in 13 independent directions, then calculating the GLCMs. The resulted GLCMs were averaged to obtain normalized values, then the 3D texture features were calculated. A preliminary examination was performed on a 3D image volume (64 x 64 x 64 voxels). Our analysis confirmed that the proposed technique is capable of extracting the 3D texture features from the extended GLCMs approach. It is a simple and comprehensive technique that can contribute to the 3D image analysis.