E. E. Fesenko

Preliminary microwave irradiation of water solutions changes their channel-modifying activity

Earlier we have shown that millimetre microwaves (42.25 GHz) of non‐thermal power, upon direct admittance into an experiment bath, greatly influence activation characteristics of single Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels (in particular, the channel open state probability, P o). Here we present new data showing that similar changes in P o arise due to the substitution of a control bath solution for a preliminary microwave irradiated one of the same composition (100 mmol/1 KCl with Ca2+ added), with irradiation time being 20–30 min. Therefore, due to the exposure to the field the solution acquires some new properties that are important for the channel activity. The irradiation terminated, the solution retains a new state for at least 10–20 min (solution memory). The data suggest that the effects of the field on the channels are mediated, at least partially, by changes in the solution properties.

Effect of weak combined static and extremely low-frequency alternating magnetic fields on tumor growth in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

It has been shown that the ultralow-frequency extremely weak alternating component of combined magnetic fields (MFs) exhibits a marked antitumor activity. The parameters of this component have been found (frequency 1, 4.4, 16.5 Hz or the sum of these frequencies; intensity 300, 100, 150-300 nT, respectively) at which this MF in combination with a collinear static MF of 42 microT inhibits or suppresses the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. It was shown that the exposure of mice with EAC to combined MFs causes structural changes in some organs (liver, adrenal glands), which are probably due to the total degradation of the tumor tissue. In mice with transplanted EAC, the tumor tissue after exposure to weak MFs was practically absent, as distinct from control animals in which the invasion of the tumor into the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spermatic appendages was observed. In animals without tumors, no pathological deviations from the norm in the structure of organs and tissues occurred after exposure to weak MF, indicating that this factor per se is not toxic to the organism.

Identification of a 28 kDa secretory protein from rat olfactory epithelium as a thiol-specific antioxidant

The 28 kDa secretory protein is one of the abundant water-soluble proteins in olfactory epithelium of mammals. Analysis of partial amino acid sequence of the 28 kDa protein strongly suggested that it belongs to a new family of highly conserved antioxidant proteins requiring thiol for their antioxidant activity (TSA/AhpC family). In the present study, we found the 28 kDa protein to have thiol-dependent antioxidant activity, thereby protecting radical-sensitive proteins such as glutamine synthetase and hemoglobin from oxidative modification caused by thiol-dependent metal ion-catalyzed oxidation system. The purified 28 kDa protein did not possess catalase or glutathione peroxidase activities, and required thiols to exhibit its antioxidant activity. The 28 kDa protein is the first member of the family of thiol-specific antioxidants identified in olfactory epithelium and the first secretory protein shown to be thiol-specific antioxidant.

Microwaves and cellular immunity: I. Effect of whole body microwave irradiation on tumor necrosis factor production in mouse cells

Whole body microwave sinusoidal irradiation of male NMRI mice with 8.15-18 GHz (1 Hz within) at a power density of 1 microW/cm2 caused a significant enhancement of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Microwave radiation affected T cells, facilitating their capacity to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation. The exposure duration necessary for the stimulation of cellular immunity ranged from 5 h to 3 days. Chronic irradiation of mice for 7 days produced the decreasing of TNF production in peritoneal macrophages. The exposure of mice for 24 h increased the TNF production and immune proliferative response, and these stimulatory effects persisted over 3 days after the termination of exposure. Microwave treatment increased the endogenously produced TNF more effectively than did lipopolysaccharide, one of the most potential stimuli of synthesis of this cytokine. The role of microwaves as a factor interfering with the process of cell immunity is discussed.

Effects of low‐power laser radiation on mice immunity

Background/purpose: Because of large interest in biological effects of laser radiation used in laser therapy, the effect of extremely low‐level red laser light intensity on the immune cell activity has been studied in the animal model with well‐characterized macrophage and T cell populations as responder cells producing cytokines, protective proteins, active oxygen, and nitric compounds. To study of the possible side effects of laser immunotherapy we monitored the productions of cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in mice subjected to a periodic laser exposure for 1 month.

Localization of 28-kDa peroxiredoxin in rat epithelial tissues and its antioxidant properties

Abstract. Peroxiredoxins are a novel family of antioxidant proteins that specifically prevent enzymes from metal-catalyzed oxidation. The localization of a member of the mono-cystein subfamily of peroxiredoxins, the 28-kDa protein, in different rat tissues and its antioxidant properties were investigated. By immunoblotting, the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin was found to be most highly concentrated in olfactory epithelium and present in all tissues tested (skin, lung, trachea, kidney, womb, and brain). Immunostaining with rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin revealed the particularly high level of the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin immunoreactivity in air-contacting areas (apical regions and mucus of the olfactory and respiratory epithelium and skin epidermis), which are continually exposed to numerous air-borne reactive oxygen species. In the apical regions of the olfactory and respiratory epithelium, the 28-kDa-peroxiredoxin immunogold labeling outlined microvilli and cilia and was mainly located in sustentacular cells and in respiratory and goblet cells, as electron-microscopic analysis revealed. In skin epidermis, the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin immunoreactivity was confined to the granular layer and specifically concentrated in sebaceous glands of hair follicle. In situ hybridization with 33P-labeled antisense RNA probe revealed the expression of the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin mRNA in tissues with a high level of the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin immunoreactivity. Immunodepletion of the 28-kDa peroxiredoxin profoundly decreased the antioxidant activity of the olfactory tissue extract.

Naturally occurring antioxidant nutrients reduce inflammatory response in mice.

The effects of mixed dietary coenzyme Q(9), alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene on immune cell activity and blood cytokine profile were studied in peritoneal macrophages, spleen lymphocytes, and blood plasma from mice with acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The activity of each fat-soluble antioxidant was also investigated separately in several model systems, both in vivo and in vitro. NMRI male mice were fed a diet supplemented with fat-soluble antioxidants for 15 days prior to LPS injection. LPS-induced inflammation resulted in induction of cellular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and also IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and subsequent accumulation of these cytokines in blood plasma. In animals fed the antioxidant-rich diet, the inflammatory response to LPS injection was significantly reduced. The production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in response to toxic stress and its accumulation in plasma were not modified by the diet. In addition, the expression of the inducible form of heat-shock protein 70 in mice treated with endotoxin was reduced in the animals pretreated with the antioxidant-rich diet. We showed that the diet suppressed phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, I kappaB kinase and SAPK/JNK proteins, thereby preventing the activation of the NF-kappaB kinase and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways in LPS-treated mice. In this report we demonstrate the potential effectiveness of naturally occurring antioxidant nutrients in the reduction of the inflammatory response. Therefore, it may be possible to develop novel therapeutic combinations, containing coenzyme Q(9), alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene, which promote immune stimulation.

A novel 45 kDa secretory protein from rat olfactory epithelium: primary structure and localisation

cDNA clones encoding the 45 kDa protein were isolated from a rat olfactory epithelium cDNA library and their inserts were sequenced. The reconstructed protein sequence comprises 400 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46 026 Da. A homology was revealed between the amino acid sequence of the 45 kDa protein and the proteins involved in the transfer of hydrophobic ligands. Using in situ hybridisation, the 45 kDa protein mRNA expression was detected in the layer of supportive cells of olfactory epithelium, apical region of trachea, surface layer of the ciliated bronchial epithelium in lung and in skin epidermis.

Novel 28-kDa secretory protein from rat olfactory epithelium

We have isolated a novel secretory 28‐kDa protein which is an abundant component of the rat olfactory mucosa. The partial sequence of the 28‐kDa protein has been determined. The amino acid sequence of the 28‐kDa protein is similar to that of non‐selenium glutathione peroxidase from bovine ciliary body. The 28‐kDa protein catalyzed decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide as well as organic hydroperoxides by reduced glutathion and seems to be a member of the glutathion peroxidases family.

MICROWAVES AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY. II. IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES AND NATURALLY OCCURRING ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS

The effect of 8.15-18 GHz (1 Hz within) microwave radiation at a power density of 1 microW/cm2 on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and immune response was tested. A single 5 h whole-body exposure induced a significant increase in TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T cells. The mitogenic response in T lymphocytes increased after microwave exposure. The activation of cellular immunity was observed within 3 days after exposure. The diet containing lipid-soluble nutrients (beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinone Q9) increased the activity of macrophages and T cells from irradiated mice. These results demonstrate that irradiation with low-power density microwaves stimulates the immune potential of macrophages and T cells, and the antioxidant treatment enhances the effect of microwaves, in particular at later terms, when the effect of irradiation is reduced.