E. Eylan

Gram-negative bacteria isolated from external eye infections.

SummaryIn this study the bacteria isolated from eye infections belonged to different groups and showed a varied clinical picture. The pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas (15 cases) and Proteus sp. (11 cases), were associated with purulent infections of the conjunctiva and eyelids. These bacteria were resistant to the usual antibiotics, but responded to treatment with gentamicin. The potential opportunistic pathogens, Herellea vaginicola (2 cases), Enterobacter agglomerans (11 cases), Comamonas terrigena (2 cases), Serratia marcescens (2 cases), Escherichia coli (2 cases), Citrobacter freundii (1 case), Citrobacter diversus (1 case), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8 cases), Aeromonas hydrophilia (2 cases), and Enterobacter aerogenes (8 cases), were isolated from keratitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis and keratoiritis. The bacteria were sensitive to the usual antibiotic substances, and all of them responded to chloramphenicol. The Enterobacter aerogenes was almost always found in association with other microorganisms, such as Herpes simplex virus and Candida sp.ZusammenfassungDie bei den Infektionen des Auges isolierten Bakterien gehören verschiedenen Arten an und zeigen ein vielfältiges klinisches Bild. Pathogene Bakterien wie Pseudomonas (15 Fälle) und Proteus-Spezies (11 Fälle) wurden bei eitrigen Konjunktivitiden und Lidinfektionen gefunden. Diese Keime waren gegen die üblichen Antibiotika resistent, aber mit einer Gentamicin-Behandlung gut beeinflußbar. Die opportunistisch-pathogenen Keime Herellea vaginicola (2 Fälle), Enterobacter agglomerans (11 Fälle), Comamonas terrigena (2 Fälle), Serratia macrescens (2 Fälle), E. coli (2 Fälle), Citrobacter freundii (1 Fall), Citrobacter diversus (1 Fall), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8 Fälle), Aeromonas hydrophilia (2 Fälle) und Enterobacter aerogenes (8 Fälle) wurden bei einer Keratitis, einer Konjunktivitis, einer Keratokonjunktivitis und einer Keratoiritis isoliert. Die Bakterien waren gegenüber den üblichen Chemotherapeutika sensibel, und bei allen war Chloramphenicol wirksam. Enterobacter aerogenes wurde beinahe immer in Verbindung mit anderen Mikroorganismen gefunden, wie z. B. Herpes simplex-Virus oder bei Candida-Arten.

Cell-mediated immunity following experimental vaccinations with Candida albicans ribosomes

The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is induced in animals by vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was detected in vivo in ribosome-vaccinated mice and guinea pigs by the footpad swelling and skin tests, respectively. The observed DTH was similar to that induced by live C. albicans organisms. A lymphocyte transformation assay was used for in vitro detection of CMI. The tritiated thymidine incorporation assays revealed that spleen lymphocytes from mice immunized with C. albicans ribosomes were stimulated by the ribosomal antigen. The findings establish that C. albicans ribosomes are able to induce CMI in experimental animals.

Detection of antibodies against Candida albicans ribosomes by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a convenient method for the investigation of antibodies in mice immunized with Candida albicans ribosomes. Antibodies against the ribosomal antigen were detected in all the sera of mice (ICR and BALB/ c) immunized with ribosomes and incomplete Freunds adjuvant and in some of the sera of mice immunized with ribosomes only; the titer of antibodies varied from 1∶320 to 1∶10 240. Vaccination of mice with ribosomal protein and IFA resulted in a high titer of antiribosomal antibodies. Treatment of ribosomes with pronase abrogated the capacity of the ribosomes to elicit anti ribosomal humoral responses, suggesting that the antibodies detected were directed against the protein moiety of the ribosomes. The presence of antibodies in sera of immunized mice could not be correlated with the protection afforded by the ribosomal vaccination.

Antibody formation in experimental immunizations with Candida albicans ribosomal fractions

Sera of mice immunized with ribosomal fractions of Candida albicans showed the presence of anti-C. albicans antibodies, detected by the gel-immunodiffusion, agglutination and immune adherence tests.Candida infections are among the most prevalent opportunistic yeast infections, attacking debilitated individuals, and against which there is no effective prophylactic treatment currently available (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). In view of the succes reported in experimental immunizations with ribosomal fractions from various bacteria and some fungi, as summarized by Youmans and Tewari (7, 8), a similar approach for immunization in experimental candidiasis appears reasonable. The present work describes preliminary results on circulating antibodies elicited in the course of immunizations with ribosomal fractions of Candida albicans.Ribosomal preparations were obtained from mechanically disrupted cell-pellets of C. albicans by differential centrifugation and purification in a 15% sucrose and 5% ammonium sulfate solution (in sodium-magnesium-Tris buffer), using a modification of the procedure described by Rubin (6). Concentration of ribosomal-RNA was determined by the absorbance at 260 nm; ribosomal-protein concentration by the Lowry reaction; and purity of the ribosomal preparation checked by the ratio of absorbance at 260 nm to 280, and at 260 to 235 nm. Mice (ICR strain) were immunized with these ribosomal preparations in amounts of 50–100 μg ribosomalprotein/mouse, by 2–3 subcutaneous inoculations with Frends adjuvant, with a 10–21 day interval between the inoculations.

Isolation of candida tropicalis from an orbital infection as a complication of maxillar osteomyelitis

SummaryThe following is a report of a three months old infant, suffering from an orbital infection as complication of maxillar osteomyelitis. The yeast-like fungus Candida tropicalis was isolated from material taken after incision and drainage of maxilla. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were sterile. Surgical treatment was undertaken (incision and drainage of the maxilla).ZusammenfassungDie Kasuistik handelt von einem 3 Monate alten Säugling, der als Komplikation einer Oberkiefer-Osteomyelitis an einer Orbital-Infektion erkrankt war. Als ätiologisch verantwortlicher Keim konnte Candida tropicalis aus der Inzision und aus der Drainage isoliert werden. Blut- und Liquorkulturen waren steril. Als Behandlung wurden chirurgische Maßnahmen ergriffen (Inzision und Drainage der Maxilla).

Rhodotorula rubra – Cause of Eye Infection

The following has been reported herein:

Establishment and Characterization of a Cell Line Derived from Human Colon Adenocarcinoma (HuCCL-14)

A continuous human colon carcinoma cell line (HuCCL-14) was established whose cells possess an epithelial-like morphology and are capable of growing in soft agar and on monolayers of normal cells. HuCCL-14 cells yielded high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, and the analysis of their chromosomal constitution revealed a mode of 70 chromosomes per cell. HuCCL-14 cells produce malignant tumors when injected into nude mice. Preliminary virologic studies indicate the release of RNA particles having a density of 1.15--1.19 g/ml.

Lysogeny and lysosensitivity in Shigella dysenteriae group of bacteria. II. Receptor sites for temperate phages and serological relationships of indicator strains Sh. boydii 15-7489, Sh. dysenteriae 2 and Sh. dysenteriae 7.

Receptor substances for temperate phages, which were isolated from lysogenicSh. dysenteriae strains, were tested. These substances were obtained fromSh. boydii 15-7489, which served as an indicator and propagating strain, and fromSh. dysenteriae 2 andSh. dysenteriae7, which were indicator strains.On the basis of agglutination and precipitation testa,Sh. bodii 15-7489 andSh. dysenteriae 2 were shown to be serologically related while no relationship was found betweenSh. boydii 15-7489 andSh. dysenteriae7.According to experimental data, it was suggested that phage receptor sites are localized in the protein component of the somatic antigen. This component, occurring in all three examined strains, possessed common antigen properties, as was shown by use of receptor neutralization test.

Lysogeny and Lysosensitivity in Shigella dysenteriae Group of Bacteria I. Isolation of Bacteriophages and Receptor Substances

The set of lysogenic phages D2/D7, D4/D7, D5/D7, D8/D7, D4/B15 and D8/B15 was prepared from lysogenic bacterial strains representing various serotypes of Sh. dysenteriae. The activity spectrum of these phages was limited to some serotypes of Sh. dysenteriae, Sh. boydii, and to Sh. sonnei; they were not active against Sh. flexneri. With the use of a prepared set of phages, the Sh. dysenteriae 7 (D7) strain was found to be a strain with a broad spectrum of phage sensitivity, which was sensitive to all prepared temperate phages, and also to T2, T3, T4 and T6 phages. Extracts from D7 strain were shown to contain the receptor activity for prepared temperate phages as well as for T phages; trichloracetic acid extract (TCA) contains receptors for temperate phages. Receptor activity for phages T2 was found in water extract (H2O 65‡C) as well as in TCA and water/phenol extracts (Aq/Ph 65‡C), while receptor activity for phage T4 was found only in Aq/Ph 65‡C. This extract has also shown some activity against phages T3 and T6. The results suggest that the receptor sites for T-phages in the Sh. dysenteriae 7 may be differently localized than in the E. coli B. The receptor sites for the temperate and for T-phages were shown to differ.

MAST CELL SENSITIZING ANTIBODY (MCSAb) RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTAL CANDIDIASIS: CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES

A single dose of the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans (CA), mixed with Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA), and inoculated into guinea-pig foot-pads, provoked the productions of homologous mast cell sensitizing antibodies (MCSAb) present in the psiI-globulin fraction only, and of agglutinins localized in the same fraction. Heterologous MCSAb and skin-sensitizing antibodies detectable by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were constantly absent. These facts are in contradiction to results of previous experiments performed with other antigens; which after similar inoculation elicited production of heterologous MCSAb attaching themselves on rat mast cells (MC) and present in the psi2 fast moving globulin, homologous MCSAb localized in the psiI-globulin and in the psi2 fast moving globulin, and PCA antibodies. The immunogenicity of CA is discussed.