E. Michailova

Initial stages of copper electrodeposition in the presence of organic additives

Abstract The nucleation and growth kinetics of copper crystals electrochemically deposited on platinum and tungsten have been studied in the presence of a composite organic additive for bright copper plating. Data were obtained for the exchange current density i 0 , for the transition coefficient α of the copper ions, for the stationary nucleation rate I st and for the size n k of the critical copper nucleus.

Galvanostatic studies of the nucleation and growth kinetics of copper in the presence of surfactants

The initial and advanced stage of copper electrodeposition have been studied under galvanostatic conditions. The effect of different surface active compounds on the nucleation and growth kinetics has been examined. Data were obtained for the nucleation and growth parameters characterizing the electrochemical deposition of copper ions.

Electrochemical growth of single metal and alloy clusters—Part I. Galvanostatic conditions

Abstract The paper presents the results of a galvanostatic study of the growth kinetics of single metal and alloy clusters electrochemically deposited on a platinum electrode. Information is obtained on the growth rate in one and two-component electrochemical systems, containing Ag + and Ag + + Hg 2+ 2 ions, respectively.

Nucleation and growth kinetics of Ag7NO11 on a platinum single crystal electrode

The process of electrochemical deposition of Ag7NO11 on a platinum single crystal anode from 5M AgNO3 is investigated. The nucleation and growth rates are measured at different constant overpotentials. The orientation of the Ag7NO11 crystals with respect to the substrate surface is determined in the case of deposition on glassy carbon and on the 〈100〉, 〈111〉 and 〈110〉 faces of a platinum single crystal.

On the role of surface active agents in the nucleation step of metal electrodeposition on a foreign substrate

Abstract The effect of surface active agents on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical nucleation has been analysed on the basis of the classical and atomistic theories of phase formation. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results obtained by studying the nucleation kinetics of mercury on platinum in both the absence and the presence of potassium nitrate, which proved to be a surface active agent with respect to the bulk mercury phase. The overpotential dependence of the stationary nucleation rate was measured at different potassium nitrate concentrations. It was shown that surface active agents which change the properties of the new bulk phase may not significantly affect the state of small clusters during the process of nucleus formation.

Influence of potassium sodium tartrate on the initial stage of silver electrodeposition

The nucleation and growth of silver from dilute aqueous solutions of AgNO3 was studied in the absence and in the presence of potassium sodium tartrate in the electrolyte. In both cases data were obtained for the rate of nucleation and growth of silver crystals at constant overpotential.

Electrochemical growth of single metal and alloy clusters—III. Potentiostatic conditions: Experimental

Abstract The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the potentiostatic growth of single metal and alloy clusters electrodeposited on a platinum substrate. Information is obtained on the growth kinetics of clusters formed in one and two-component electrochemical systems containing Ag + and Ag + + Hg 2 2+ ions, respectively.

Spatial distribution of active sites on a glassy carbon surface

The paper proposes an experimental method to obtain direct information on the spatial distribution of active sites on the electrode surface. The statistical distribution of the distances between first, second and third neighbour silver clusters formed on a glassy carbon substrate is analysed and is compared with the theoretical random distribution. Information is obtained on the size of the diffusion and potential nucleation exclusion zones.

Studies of electrochemical nucleation by means of standard and modified pulse potentiostatic techniques

This report compares experimental data for the overpotential dependence of the stationary nucleation rate Ist and of the induction time to obtained in two different ways: (i) by varying the potential En of the working electrode at a constant concentration of metal ions (standard pulse potentiostatic technique), and (ii) by varying the concentration of metal ions at a constant electrode potential En (modified pulse potentiostatic technique). It is shown that the latter experimental method allows us to fix the surface state of the working electrode and to create well-defined conditions for nucleus formation. Information is obtained on the rate-determining step of the nucleation process.

Electrochemical growth of single mercury droplets under joint ohmic, diffusion, and charge transfer limitations

Growth kinetics of single mercury droplets electrochemically deposited on a platinum single crystal electrode was investigated. Potentiostatic current transients were recorded at different electrode potentials. The experimental data were interpreted on the basis of a general theoretical model accounting for joint ohmic, diffusion and charge transfer limitations. Information is obtained on two important growth parameters: the exchange current density at the mercury/solution interface boundary and the diffusion coefficient of mercury ions.