E. Pfender

Heat transfer—a review of 1976 literature

INTRODUCTION THIS review surveys results that have been published in various fields of heat transfer during 1976. As in the past, the number ofpapers published during that period was such that only a selection can be included in this review. A more complete listing of papers is available in the heat-transfer bibliographies published periodically in this journal. The Sixteenth National Heat Transfer Conference was held 8-11 August 1976 in St. Louis, Missouri. The recipient of the Max Jakob Memorial Award, R. G. Deissler, presented an invited lecture, ‘“Tornadoes and other atmospheric vortices”. A lecture entitled “An inquiry of selected topics on heat-exchange design” was given by A. C. Mueller, who received the 1975 Donald Q. Kern Award. A third invited lecture on “Water reactor safety research programs” was presented by L. S. Tong. Twenty-eight sessions treated, among other subjects, interfacial phenomena, internal heat generation, process heat transfer, thermonuclear power, and heat transfer in foodstuffs. The papers presented at the conference are available as preprints and many of these will be published in the Journal ofHeat Transfer or in the publication series of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The 25th Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute was held 21-23 June 1976 at the University of California, Davis, California. An invited lecture by P. Bradshaw discussed progress and problems in the development of turbulence models; another lecture by R. Davis treated numerical methods for interacting boundary layers. Five sessions were concerned with thermal convection, two-phase flow and boiling, compressible and turbulent flow, combustion, and aerospace heat transfer problems. Proceedings are available through Stanford University Press. The Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization assembled a group of experts to review research needs on thermal energy storage and to make recommendations for future research. One of the panels discussed heat transfer and thermal energy transport. A report of the conference is available through the Scientific Affairs Division, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Brussels, Belgium. An International Solar Energy Conference was held 15-20 August 1976 at Winnipeg, Canada under the title “sharing the Sun 76”. Many of the papers presented included heat-transfer problems. An advanced course and the 1976 International Seminar were organized by the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer 23 August through 4 September 1976 at Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia. The summer course was entitled “Heat Disposal from Power Generation”, and dealt primarily with cooling towers and climatic modifications by energy production. The seminar, “Turbulent buoyant convection”, discussed plumes, stratified fluids, air and smoke movements in buildings, and combustion phenomena. The proceedings of these conferences will be published by Scripta Book Company, Washington, D.C. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers focussed attention on plasma chemical processes in four sessions of its Eighty-Second National Meeting held 29 August through 1 September 1976 at Atlantic City, New Jersey, with heat-transfer information included in some of the papers. Other sessions dealt with transport processes in the oceans and with interfacial phenomena. The 97th ASME Winter Annual Meeting, held 5-10 December 1976 at New York City, included in its program eleven sessions organized by the Heat Transfer Division. Topics ranged from application of computer technology through electric effects, liquid metal fast breeder reactors, thermal energy storage, pipe line heat transfer, heat exchangers, to solar collectors. Reprints of the papers are available from ASME Headquarters and many of them will also be published in the Journal of Heat Transfer. The dinner speaker, P. E. Glaser, talked on ‘The future of power from space”. Heat Transfer Memorial Awards were presented to W. H. Giedt and R. Viskanta. A number of books dealing with heat transfer or including heat-transfer topics have appeared on the market. They are listed in the bibliographic portion of this review. Volume 12 of the series, Advances in Heat Transfer, published by Academic Press, New York, became available in 1976. It contains contributions on dry cooling towers, heat transfer in flows with drag reduction, molecular gas band radiation, and a perceptive on electrochemical transport phenomena. Developments in heat-transfer research during 1976 can be characterized by the following highlights: solidliquid phase change, fins, and contact resistance found special attention in the area of heat conduction. A number of numerical solutions have also been reported. Flow and heat transfer in complex passages and 1097

Heat transfer—a review of 1975 literature

THIS review surveys results that have been published in various fields of heat transfer during 1975. As in the past, the number ofpapers published during that period was such that only a selection can be included in this review. A more complete listing is available in the heattransfer bibliographies published periodically in this journal. will also be published in the Journul of Heat Transfer. The 1975 International Solar Energy Congress and Exposition was organized by the International Solar Energy Society from 28 July to 1 August at Los Angeles, California. Heat-transfer topics are found interwoven in many of the papers presented at the Conference.

A unified approach to plasma-particle heat transfer under non-continuum and non-equilibrium conditions

Abstract A model for the heat transfer from a stationary, infinite plasma to a particle is developed so as to include rarefaction effects over the entire range of Knudsen numbers, and thermal and chemical nonequilibrium in the vicinity of the particle surface. The overall heat transfer rate is obtained by separately determining the contributions due to heavy species conduction and to energy transport by ion flow to the particle surface. Knudsen effects are accounted for by means of Shermans interpolation formula for the conduction problem and its equivalent in electrostatic probe theory for the ion transport to the surface. Results are presented for argon plasmas in the pressure range 0.1–1 atm, and for particle sizes in the range 10–100 μm.

Heat transfer—a review of 1984 literature

Synthese bibliographique et bibliographie des publications mondiales sur le transfert de chaleur en 1984

A probe system for spectrometric determination of temperature and concentration distributions in combustion gases

Abstract Recently a cooled radiation probe has been developed and its performance has been tested for emission utilizing a premixed sodium seeded propane-air flame. In this paper, a modification of this probe system is reported. By introducing a second probe, the volume between these probes for which emission and absorption measurements are performed may be restricted to any desired size. For sufficiently small volumes, homogenous conditions between the two probes may be assumed which makes the determination of the coefficients a straightforward procedure. The influence of the probe assembly on the flame and the associated spatial resolution of the probe system has been studied by immersing the probes into a homogeneous layer of a premixed sodium seeded propane-air flame. The results show that the probe system is adequate for spectrometric temperature and concentration measurements in combustion gases regardless of their configuration, as long as regions of steep gradients are excluded.

Heat transfer—a review of 1974 literature

THIS review surveys results that have been published in various fields of heat transfer during 1974. As in the past, the number ofpapers published during that period was such that only a selection can be included in the Review. A more complete list is contained in the heattransfer bibliographies published periodically in this journal. The most significant of the various conferences dealing with heat transfer was the Fifth International Heat Transfer Conference held in Tokyo from 3 to 7 September, 1974. The eight invited lectures dealt respectively with turbulence in heat and mass transfer, growth and decay of ice, holography, numerical methods in convective heat transfer, energy transfer in planetary atmospheres, biological thermo-regulatory systems, complex geometry channels, and radiative transfer at super high temperatures. Thirty-nine sessions were concerned with forced and natural convection, rheological systems, boiling, condensation, combined heat and mass transfer, and heat exchangers. Seven round table meetings, open forums, film sessions, and an equipment show rounded out the program of the Conference which was attended by 537 participants (210ofwhich werefrom abroad)and was well organized by the Japanese Organizing Committee. The proceedings, including discussions, are now available in book form. The 1974 International Seminar of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer was held from 26 to 30 August, 1974 in Trogir, Yugoslavia and was devoted to heat and mass transfer in the environment of vegetation. Invited lectures and short communications covered heat and mass transfer in the soil, in plants, and in the lower atmosphere and treated bioengineering of plant growth and pollution of soil, water, and vegetation.* The 95th Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers had in its program 11 sessions dealing with thermal energy storage, solar energy applications, heat transfer in equipment, in gas cooled reactors, and in nuclear reactor safety, in addition to fundamental heat-transfer studies. In addition, a panel meeting considered heat exchanger standards.? -___.._-____ *A collection of papers of the conference is available in book form from the Scripta Book Company. ?-Reprints of the papers are available through the Society and many of them will also be published in the Journal of Heat Transfer. The AIChE Symposium Series, Volume 70, No. 138, 1974 “Heat Transfer in Research and Design,” contains papers presented at the 14th National Heat Transfer Conference in Atlanta, as well as papers presented at various meetings of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers The 1974 International Gas Turbine Conference at Zurich was organized by the ASME and the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects. Two of its 35 sessions were devoted to heat transfer. and papers in other sessions touched on this subject. The 1974 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute was held at Oregon State University from June 12 through June 14,1974. Thirteen of its 22 papers considered heat-transfer problems and two invited lectures discussed transport phenomena in heat pipes and research needs in process heat-transfer design. The proceedings of the conference are available through Stanford University Press. Developments in heat-transfer research during 1974 can be characterized by the following highlights: The largest number of papers were devoted to condu~ion, natural convection, phase change, and properties. Conduction was studied under conditions of phase change by means of numerical methods, and for irregular, composite, and anisotropic bodies. The laminar entrance region, variable properties, and turbulence models were considered in channel flows, with analytical papers far outnumbering experimental ones. Combined natural and forced flow, unsteady conditions, wakes, and jets were investigated in the area of boundary layers. Transfer mechanisms were studied through hot wire measurements, through analytical or statistical theories, and through improvements in phenomenological models. Natural convection papers dealt primarify with enclosures, non-Newtonian fluids, and variable properties. Combined heatand mass-transfer studies were considered with interaction of heated jets with surroundings, film cooling, and to a lesser degree, transpiration cooling. The larger number of applied papers on phase change originated primarily in the Soviet Union and in Japan. Radiation was investigated in non-gray media, either by itself or combined with conduction and convection. Several papers also considered radiative exchange in cavities, in fins, and at very low cryogenic temperatures. Non-intrusive (optical) measurement techniques were described. A large number of papers was devoted to fluidized beds. Plasma heat-transfer studies included 129