Eda Güler

Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different polishing methods on color stability of posterior, universal and nanohybrid composite resin restorative materials upon exposure to a staining agent. Twenty-five specimens were prepared for each of 5 different composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, Quadrant LC, Grandio and Filtek Supreme). Specimens were divided into 5 groups and different polishing procedures, including polishing discs (Pd), polishing discs then diamond polishing paste (PdP), polishing discs then a liquid polishing system (Biscover) (PdB), and combinations of these (PdPB) were used. Unpolished specimens served as the control (C). The specimens were stored for 48 h in a coffee solution. The color of all specimens was measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and total color change ∆E*) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and the means were compared by Tukey HSD test (α=0.05). The lowest color difference was observed in the groups PdP and C, while the highest color difference was observed in PdPB, and PdB. When comparing the five different restorative materials, no significant difference was observed between FiltekP60 and FiltekZ250, and these materials demonstrated significantly less color change than Quadrant LC and the nanohybrid materials (Grandio, Filtek Supreme). The posterior (Filtek P60) and universal (Filtek Z250) composite resin restorative materials, which do not contain tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), were found to be less stainable than the nanohybrid (Grandio, Filtek Supreme) and universal (Quadrant LC) composite resins, which contain TEGDMA. The use of diamond polishing paste after polishing with polishing discs significantly decreased staining when compared to the groups that used polishing discs alone, for all restorative materials tested. The highest color change values were obtained for the specimens that were polished with the Biscover liquid polish system (PdB and PdPB groups).

Comparison of final irrigation techniques in removal of calcium hydroxide

The aim of this study was to compare new irrigation systems with a conventional irrigation technique for the removal of inter-appointment calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 ]. Forty-seven extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented, and Ca(OH)2 paste was placed into root canals by using a lentulo spiral at the apical third. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to different irrigation protocols using a 30-gauge slot-tipped needle, EndoVac system and ProUltra® PiezoFlow™ ultrasonic irrigation system. Scanning electron microscopic images of the selected root canal surfaces (cervical, middle and apical third) were evaluated using a 5-grade scale. The influence of the irrigation system was evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance test and Tukeys test. The EndoVac and PiezoFlow groups demonstrated the lowest scale values (cleanest canals); however, there was no statistical difference between these two groups. The conventional irrigation group exhibited significantly higher scores (P < 0.05). The conventional needle irrigation was not sufficient to remove Ca(OH)2 from the root canal system. Irrigation with EndoVac and PiezoFlow™ ultrasonic irrigation systems improved the removal of the intracanal medicament resulting in cleaner root canal walls.

Effect of sodium ascorbate on the bond strength of silorane and methacrylate composites after vital bleaching

We investigated the effect of sodium ascorbate (SA) on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBSs) of different composites to bovine enamel after vital bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP). Thirty bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups and treated with no bleaching application (control), 35% HP alone, 35% HP+10% SA for 10 minutes (HP+SA), 16% CP alone, or 16% CP+10% SA for 10 minutes (CP+SA). Specimens were restored with Silorane adhesive and Filtek Silorane composite (designated as S/group) or with Clearfil SE bond and Filtek Supreme XT (designated as F/group). Composite build-up was created on the enamel. Sectioned specimens (n=10 per group; 1 mm2; cross-sectional area) were created and stressed in a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The application of 10% SA immediately after bleaching with 16% CP or 35% HP increased the enamel MTBS, regardless of the adhesive/composite resin used. The resulting MTBS values were similar to those of the control groups. Use of 16% CP and 35% HP alone decreased the enamel MTBS, regardless of the adhesive/composite resin used, with F/CP+SA=F/HP+SA=F/CP=S/CP+SA=S/HP+SA=S/C>S/CP=S/HP=F/CP=F/HP (p<0.05). We concluded that the application of SA for 10 minutes immediately after vital bleaching increases the enamel BS for dimethacrylate- and silorane-based composites.

Cuspal deflection and microleakage in pre molar teeth restored with bulk-fill resin-based composites

The aim of this study was to assess the cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage of premolar teeth filled with a bulk-fill composite resin or bulk-fill flowable composite resin base, and comparison between them and a conventional dimethacrylate and a silorane-base composite resin. Forty maxillary premolar teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10), standardized large mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared. The distance between cusp tips was measured before and after the cavity preparations with a digital micrometer. In Group 1 Quixfil was used with bulk-fill technique. Teeth in Group 2 were restored to within 2 mm of palatal cusp in a single increment with x-tra base. The remaining occlusal cavity was restored with GrandioSO. In Groups 3 and 4, the teeth were incrementally restored with GrandioSO and Filtek Silorane, respectively. Cuspal deflection was measured 5 min, 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the completion of restorations. Each restored tooth was subjected to thermocycling regime, and microleakage was assessed. Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). Groups restored with bulk-fill composites (Groups 1 and 2) showed similar cuspal deflection with the group restored incrementally with GrandioSO. A significant reduction in cuspal deflection was observed in Filtek Silorane restorations. None of the groups showed complete prevention of dye penetration. Group 2 showed the best marginal sealing. In Conclusion, conventional composite resin applied by incremental technique caused cuspal deflection similar to that of bulk-fill composites used as restorative or base. The flowable bulk-fill composites were superior to others in preventing microleakage.