Edenilson dos Santos Niculau

Analgesic and antidiarrheal properties of Ocimum selloi essential oil in mice

Ocimum selloi essential oil (2, 20, and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) reduced, in a dose-dependent way, the abdominal contraction induced by acetic acid (0.6%; i.p.) and the diarrhea episodes induced by castor oil in mice. At the higher dose (200 mg/kg; p.o.), the essential oil significantly reduced intestinal transit (P<0.05) in the charcoal meal test. The main component detected in O. selloi essential oil was methyl chavicol (98%; GC and GC/MS).These effects seems to support the use of O. selloi against diarrhea, intestinal spasm and visceral pain.

Tipos e doses de adubação orgânica no crescimento, no rendimento e na composição química do óleo essencial de elixir paregórico

The organic fertilization provides nutrients for the plants, improves the soil physical structure, increases the water retention, reduces the erosion losses and favors the biological control. Ocimum selloi is a native medicinal plant of south and southeast of Brazil where is used popularly as antidiarrhetic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. This research aimed to verify the effect of different doses of two organic fertilizers souces in O. selloi growth, essential oil yield and chemical composition. The experiments were carried out in Lavras, MG, with pots in polyethylene greenhouse with two manuring treatments: Test A - Cattle manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 3kg m-2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6kg m-2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9kg m-2 cattle manure; 5) Soil + 12kg m-2 cattle manure; Test B - Chicken manure: 1) Soil without manuring (control); 2) Soil + 1.5kg m-2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3 kg m-2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5kg m-2 chicken manure and 5) Soil + 6kg m-2 chicken manure. The influence of cattle and chicken manuring doses was verified on plant height, stem diameter, dry biomass weight, TLA, SLA, LWR, chlorophylls content, leaf thickness, essential oil yield and composition.

Chemical Diversity in Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown Germplasm

The aim of this study was to perform chemical characterization of Lippia alba accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Sergipe. A randomized block experimental design with two replications was applied. The analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils was conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The chemical composition of the essential oils allowed the accessions to be allocated to the following six groups: group 1: linalool, 1,8-cineole, and caryophyllene oxide; group 2: linalool, geranial, neral, 1,8-cineol, and caryophyllene oxide; group 3: limonene, carvone, and sabinene; group 4: carvone, limonene, g-muurolene, and myrcene; group 5: neral, geranial, and caryophyllene oxide; and group 6: geranial, neral, o-cymene, limonene, and caryophyllene oxide.

Atividade inseticida de óleos essenciais de Pelargonium graveolens l'Herit e Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens, Lippia alba and compounds geraniol, linalool, 1,8-cineole, limonene, carvone, citral and Azamax® were evaluated against Spodoptera frugiperda. Topical application assay showed essential oil of P. graveolens has acute toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae (third instar) with LD50 1.13 µg/mg per insect and LD90 2.56 µg/mg per insect. Three essential oils of L. alba also exhibited insecticidal activity with LD50 ranging from 1.20 to 1.56 µg/mg per insect and LD90 from 2.60 to 3.75 µg/mg per insect. Geraniol, linalool, carvone and citral caused significant mortality of 30, 90, 84 and 64% respectively, compared to negative control. The bioinsecticide, Azamax®, caused lower mortality than the compounds of the essential oils.

Produção vegetal e de óleo essencial de boldo pequeno em função de fontes de adubos orgânicos

A aplicacao de fertilizantes orgânicos, em plantas medicinais e aromaticas, normalmente modifica positivamente a producao vegetal e de oleo essencial. Neste contexto, tendo por fim avaliar a resposta de plantas de Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., cultivadas com diferentes fontes de adubos orgânicos, o presente trabalho estudou a producao de biomassa, teor, rendimento e composicao quimica do oleo essencial. As mudas, apos a aclimatizacao, foram transplantadas para vasos de dez litros, acondicionados em casa de vegetacao. O experimento foi constituido por quatro tratamentos e quatro repeticoes (16 parcelas), sendo cada parcela composta por cinco vasos. Os tratamentos foram: ausencia de adubo orgânico (testemunha); aplicacao de 60 t ha-1 de esterco bovino; 30 t ha-1 de esterco avicola; 60 t ha-1 de composto orgânico. Aos 120 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram colhidas e uma parte das folhas frescas foi destinada a extracao do oleo essencial. O restante do material vegetal foi seco em estufa, ate atingir peso constante, para a determinacao da biomassa seca. As analises quimicas do oleo foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa (CG-DIC e CG-EM). As fontes de adubo orgânico testadas promoveram diferencas entre os tratamentos em relacao a producao de biomassa, rendimento e composicao do oleo essencial de P. neochilus. A utilizacao de diferentes fertilizantes orgânicos nao modificou o teor de oleo volatil.

Influência do processamento da folha e tipo de secagem no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de manjericão cv. Maria Bonita

O manjericao e uma planta medicinal aromatica pertencente a familia Lamiaceae, rica em oleos essenciais e com grande interesse industrial. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, estudar a influencia do processamento da folha (inteira e pulverizada) submetida a dois tipos secagem (estufa de ventilacao forcada a 38o C e sala com desumidificador), sobre o teor e composicao quimica do oleo essencial. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 4 tratamentos e 6 repeticoes. O oleo essencial foi extraido por hidrodestilacao das folhas e analisado por CG e CG/EM. O tipo de secagem e o processamento da folha do O. basilicum influenciaram no teor e composicao quimica do oleo essencial. Maior porcentagem da area de pico do componente quimico linalol foi obtida quando se realizou o processo de secagem das folhas. A secagem em estufa conservou o aroma e a coloracao verde das folhas, preservando as caracteristicas originais da cultivar.

In vitro antifungal activity of Ocimum selloi essential oil and methylchavicol against phytopathogenic fungi

The ef ficacy of Ocimum selloi essential oil was evaluated for controlling the growth of mycelia and spores germination Moniliophthora perniciosa. Six compounds (99.89%) of the total oil were identified by GC-MS, of which methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, �� -caryophyllene, germacrene-D, bicyclogermacrene and spathulenol. Essential oil was tested for anti- fungal activity, which was determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination methods. Application of the oil reduced mycelial growth in a dose dependent manner, with maximum inhibition being observed at concentration of 1,000 ppm. Such antifungal activity could be attributed to methyl chavicol since the pure compound was shown to be similarly effective against Moniliophthora perniciosa at 1,000 ppm. The oil when applied at a concentration of 1,000 ppm, reduced the spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and M. perniciosa by 93 and 87%, respectively, but had no effect on the Alternaria alternata. It is concluded that the oil from O. selloi and its major constituent, methyl chavicol, are efficient in inhibiting M. perniciosa, but less effective against C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata. The results obtained from this work may contribute to the development of alternative anti-fungal agents to protect the cacao crop from fungal disease.

Quantitative Analysis of Natural Products in Plants by LC-MS

Plants are important sources of foods and are used in traditional medicine to prevent various diseases. The quantification of the main active principles of plants serves for quality control of the formulations with them. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) have been used widely; however, these techniques have been replaced by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), mainly due to increased sensitivity. Thus, this study approached the quantification of natural products in plants by LC-MS focusing in the main analyzers, triple quadrupole and their hybrids.

Antispasmodic effect of Ocimum selloi essential oil on the guinea-pig ileum

Ocimum selloi is an herbal species popularly used in Brazil as antispasmodic. Herein, we report the antispasmodic effect of O. selloi essential oil (OS) in segments of guinea-pig ileum. OS did not reduce the tonus of the ileum. In contrast, OS reduced the contraction induced by carbachol (100 μM), BaCl2 (0.03 M) and low- and high-K+ concentrations (25 and 60 mM, respectively). OS shifted the concentration–response curve for calcium to the right in a parallel manner. GC/MS analysis showed that OS consists mostly of methyl chavicol (97.57%). These results suggest that OS antispasmodic effect is mediated through calcium channel blockade. In addition, OS effect and mode of action could be accounted for methyl chavicol.