Edgar Allen

The time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle of the monkey, Macacus rhesus.

Available data for placing the time of ovulation in the sexual cycle of primates is meager in comparison to that for other mammals. Much of the evidence consists of the finding of early corpora lutea in the ovaries. Since in most cases it has not been possible to correlate the condition of the ovum discharged or its position in the tube with the stage of development of the corresponding corpus luteum, this evidence is incomplete. Recently Corner 1 recovered an ovum from the tube of a monkey on the 14th day of the cycle. This was the first unfertilized tubal ovum of a primate to be recovered after being freed from the ovary. A degenerating ovum was also removed from the uterus on the 17th day of the cycle. In six other animals, all of which had menstruated within two weeks of the time of killing, no signs were found in the ovaries of recent or impending ovulation. In the course of some experimental work upon injections of the ovarian follicular hormone into monkeys, operations have been performed at several intervals of the menstrual cycle. In the ovaries removed from a monkey on the first day of menstruation, there was no visible indication of either a large follicle or early corpus luteum. A second monkey was operated on the 16th day of the cycle. One ovary was large and opalescent, although no individual large follicles could be seen from the surface. Some clear liquor was aspirated by means of a capillary pipette, but no ovum could be found. As this ovary was not removed, there was no way of determining whether the follicle was in a normal condition. A third monkey, operated on the 14th day, showed no signs visible on the surface of the ovaries of either a large follicle or recently formed corpus luteum.

The time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle as checked by the recovery of ova from the Fallopian tubes

Abstract 1. 1. More than 90 patients were operated upon and 9 specimens were recovered from the fallopian tubes, 5 of which were successfully sectioned and definitely identified as tubal ova. 2. 2. A method of irrigating the tubes in situ was devised which we believe to be safe and which makes available cases where tubes showed no pathology and therefore were not to be removed. The method is useful to determine the patency of the tubes in cases of obstruction when the abdomen is open and plastic work has been done. 3. 3. In this series of cases the time of ovulation was on, or one or two days before, the fourteenth (morning of the fifteenth) day following the onset of the previous menses.

Die erythrolytische Komponente des Phenylhydrazin-Hydrochlorids

ZusammenfassungEs wurde gezeigt, daß die erythrolytische Wirkung des Phenylhydrazins durch den Benzolkern veranlaßt wird. Die Hydrazinkomponente ist wahrscheinlich träge.

Das Verhalten der Seife im tierischen Organismus

ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine Untersuchung über die Aktivität von Seifen bei Injektion in den tierischen Organismus angestellt, wobei sich folgende Resultate ergaben:1.Die meisten Seifen sind stark toxisch, insbesondere die von Oxy- und ungesättigten Säuren.2.Seifeninjektion in mäßigen Mengen hat eine Reihe von pathologischen Gewebsveränderungen zur Folge.3.Im allgemeinen wird bei parenteraler Injektion das Gesamtfett der Leber herabgesetzt, während die Jodzahl steigt.4.Die Seifen erniedrigen im allgemeinen den Blutdruck und regen die Atmung an, wenn sie intravenös injiziert werden.5.Diäthanolaminricinoleat erhöht die Permeabilität der Blutliquorschranke für zirkulierende Farbstoffe.6.Die Beziehungen der Seifen zu gewissen pathologischen Prozessen im Körper werden festgelegt.

The Action of Soaps in the Animal Body

In the animal organism the possibility of the formation of soaps from fatty acids and various bases is often present. It is believed by many that soaps formed in the intestine are absorbed as such and act as a means of fat transport in the blood. In many types of pathological process, soap may be produced, as for instance in atherosclerosis, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, necrosis of the brain, etc. Soap is often used as an abortifacient, in various therapeutic measures, in the preparation of vaccines, and selective bacterial cultivation. We have, therefore, made a study in mice, rats and rabbits of the activities of various of these substances. The following soaps were studied: The sodium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts of capric, lauric, oleic, linoleic, and ricinoleic acids (n/20 aqueous solutions at pH 7.4). This is a preliminary paper, the detailed work appearing in the Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Archive für experimentelle Pharmakologie. Studies on 500 mice, intravenously injected, show the following order of toxicity, the amount required to produce death in 24 hours being taken as the M.L.D. Mono, di and triethanolamine ricinoleate > Na ricinoleate and Na laureate > Na oleate, Na linoleate, mono and diethanolamine oleate, and monoethanolamine caprinate > triethanolamine oleate > Na linoleate and diethanolamine caprinate > triethanolamine caprinate and Na butyrate. The amounts required to produce death within 24 hours when the soaps were injected intraperitoneally were from 2-10 times as great. Pathologic studies of mice dying within 24 hours as the result of a single soap injection have shown so far only marked and uniform congestion of the viscera and in many cases hemorrhage into the pulmonary alveoli. Large doses of soap are required to produce very evident hemolysis.