Edgar J. Sanford

Altered in vitro adrenergic responses of dog detrusor muscle after chronic bladder outlet obstruction

Muscle strips from the bladder body and dome of normal and control dogs usually demonstrate a relaxing (beta-adrenergic) response to norepinephrine. After bladder outlet obstruction was caused by urethral constriction, all body muscle strips from 7 of 12 dogs (58 per cent) demonstrated contractile (alpha-adrenergic) responses to norepinephrine. Bladder base muscle strips continued to show alpha-adrenergic responses. Desensitization or decreased beta-adrenergic receptor activity may play a part in causing the low compliance and detrusor instability seen in patients with bladder outlet obstruction.

Evidence for the Association of Cytomegalovirus with Carcinoma of the Prostate

A human genital isolate of cytomegalovirus is shown to have transformed human embryonic lung cells in vitro. These cells produce tumors when injected into athymic nude mice. Two cell lines derived from tissue from human prostatic carcinoma have survived more than 20 passages in vitro and demonstrate cytomegalovirus-specific membrane antigen. Significant humoral antibody titers against cytomegalovirus have been demonstrated. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity against these transformed cells has been demonstrated in patients with urinary tract tumors. This evidence indicates that an association between cytomegalovirus and human prostatic cancer may be more than coincidental.

Aminoglutethimide medical adrenalectomy for advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Complete adrenal suppression with aminoglutethimide has been accomplished in 7 patients with progressive stage D carcinoma of the prostate who had become refractory to orchiectomy and the administration of exogenous estrogens. A favorable response was noted in 3 patients. These preliminary results indicate that this agent may be as useful as surgical adrenalectomy in the treatment of progressive prostatic carcinoma. A brief discussion of the pharmacology of this agent, its mode of administration and the side effects are presented.

The Role of Intermittent Catheterization in the Management of Children with Myelomeningocele

Of 114 patients with myelomeningocele 44 (40 per cent) have no significant urologic disability. Intermittent catheterization has been used in 51 children and was helpful in 13 (26 per cent). Cystometrograms and urethral pressure profiles have been useful as predictive parameters. Causes of intermittent catheterization failures are discussed.

Preliminary Evaluation of Urinary Polyamines in the Diagnosis of Genitourinary Tract Malignancy

Normal ranges for urinary polyamines have been obtained. Non-malignant genitourinary tract disease is not associated with elevated urinary polyamines. A high correlation exists between the presence of active urologic cancer and elevated urinary excretion of polyamines. Post-treatment polyamines correlate with the continued presence or absence of genitourinary tract malignancy.

Immune response of prostatic cancer patients to cytomegalovirus-infected and -transformed human cells

The indirect immunofluorescence test was used to determine the prevalence of humoral immunity to cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐induced antigens in prostatic cancer patients as compared to age‐matched controls. Significantly more prostatic cancer patients demonstrated high CMV‐antibody titers than did the benign prostatic hyperplasia and nonurogenital cancer groups; however, no significant difference in reactivity was found between patients with prostatic cancer and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. When screened against CMV‐transformed human cell lines, the reactivity of the sera followed the rate of expression of CMV‐related antigens of cell lines used in these tests. Cancer 42:1766–1771, 1978.

Lymphocyte Reactivity against Virally Transformed Cells in Patients with Urologic Cancer

Lymphocytes from patients with urologic cancer were tested in microcytotoxicity assays against human cells transformed by cytomegalovirus. Human lymphocytes were significantly cytotoxic against the transformed cell line when compared to a normal human control cell line. Patients with prostatic carcinoma demonstrated greater target cell reduction than those with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The disadvantages of reflux in uretero-Ileal cutaneous anastomoses for supravesical urinary diversion

SummaryRadiological and histological evidence from animal studies is presented to show that renal units subjected to reflux of urine after diversionary surgery develop pyelonephritis. It is suggested that anti-reflux diversionary procedures be developed.

Clinical and radiographic findings of focally infected polycycstic kidneys

Three patients with localized polycystic kidney infections are presented with the pertinent clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Gallium-67 citrate and angiography play an important role in evaluation of these patients. Angiography in particular is valuable in the diagnosis and the exact localization of the inflammatory disease. Localization is extremely important in planning surgical treatment should conservative therapy fail.

Perinatal Asphyxia and Renal Failure in Neonatal Patients

Herein we discuss oliguria and azotemia in neonatal patients associated with perinatal complications, including difficult labor and delivery, and respiratory asphyxia. Renal failure in these patients is accompanied by proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and red blood cell casts, and it generally resolves in 7 to 10 days. Umbilical aortography can be helpful in determining the presence of normal kidneys in these patients.