Edith Alig

Thermally induced crystal-to-crystal transformations accompanied by changes in the magnetic properties of a CuII-p-hydroquinonate polymer

In the CuII-p-hydroquinonate coordination polymer 1, the major pathway for antiferromagnetic exchange coupling runs along the hydroquinonate linker. Upon heating, 1 looses its supporting DMF ligands in a two-step sequence; the antiferromagnetic CuII–CuII interaction in the final product 3 is now mediated by two bridging oxygen atoms which results in an increase of the J value by two orders of magnitude.

X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR and dispersion-corrected DFT calculations to investigate the solid-state structure of 2-ammonio-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonate

Abstract The title compound, also called CLT acid, is an industrial intermediate in the synthesis of laked red azo pigments for newspaper printing. Solid-state NMR and IR experiments revealed the compound to exist as the zwitterionic tautomer in the solid state. The crystal structure was solved from X-ray powder diffraction data by means of real-space methods using the program DASH 3.1. Subsequently the structure was refined by the Rietveld method with TOPAS 4.1. The zwitterionic tautomer gave better confidence values than the non-zwitterionic tautomer. Finally the structure was confirmed by dispersion-corrected density-functional calculations. The compound crystallises in the monoclinic space group Ia, Z = 4 with a = 5.49809(7) Å, b = 32.8051(5) Å, c = 4.92423(7) Å, β = 93.5011(7)° and V = 886.50(2) Å3. The molecules form a herringbone pattern with a double layer structure consisting of alternating polar and non-polar layers. Within the polar layers hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions are dominant, whereas the fragments in the non-polar layers are connected by van der Waals interactions.

Structure determination of seven phases and solvates of Pigment Yellow 183 and Pigment Yellow 191 from X-ray powder and single-crystal data.

The crystal structures of two industrially produced laked yellow pigments, Pigment Yellow 183 [P.Y. 183, Ca(C16H10Cl2N4O7S2), alpha phase] and Pigment Yellow 191 [P.Y. 191, Ca(C17H13ClN4O7S2), alpha and beta phases], were determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. The coordinates of the molecular fragments of the crystal structures were found by means of real-space methods (simulated annealing) with the program DASH. The coordinates of the calcium ions and the water molecules were determined by combining real-space methods (DASH and MRIA) and repeated Rietveld refinements (TOPAS) of the partially finished crystal structures. TOPAS was also used for the final Rietveld refinements. The crystal structure of beta-P.Y. 183 was determined from single-crystal data. The alpha phases of the two pigments are isostructural, whereas the beta phases are not. All four phases exhibit a double-layer structure, built from nonpolar layers containing the C/N backbone and polar layers containing the calcium ions, sulfonate groups and water molecules. Furthermore, the crystal structures of an N,N-dimethylformamide solvate of P.Y. 183, and of P.Y. 191 solvates with N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Predicted and experimental crystal structures of ethyl-tert-butyl ether

Possible crystal structures of ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) were predicted by global lattice-energy minimizations using the force-field approach. 33 structures were found within an energy range of 2 kJmol(-1) above the global minimum. Low-temperature crystallization experiments were carried out at 80-160 K. The crystal structure was determined from X-ray powder data. ETBE crystallizes in C2/m, Z = 4, with molecules on mirror planes. The ETBE molecule adopts a trans conformation with a (CH(3))(3)C-O-C-C torsion angle of 180°. The experimental structure corresponds with high accuracy to the predicted structure with energy rank 2, which has an energy of 0.54 kJmol(-1) above the global minimum and is the most dense low-energy structure. In some crystallization experiments a second polymorph was observed, but the quality of the powder data did not allow the determination of the crystal structure. Possibilities and limitations are discussed for solving crystal structures from powder diffraction data by real-space methods and lattice-energy minimizations.

Electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction and pair-distribution-function analyses to determine the crystal structures of Pigment Yellow 213, C23H21N5O9

The crystal structure of the nanocrystalline alpha phase of Pigment Yellow 213 (P.Y. 213) was solved by a combination of single-crystal electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction, despite the poor crystallinity of the material. The molecules form an efficient dense packing, which explains the observed insolubility and weather fastness of the pigment. The pair-distribution function (PDF) of the alpha phase is consistent with the determined crystal structure. The beta phase of P.Y. 213 shows even lower crystal quality, so extracting any structural information directly from the diffraction data is not possible. PDF analysis indicates the beta phase to have a columnar structure with a similar local structure as the alpha phase and a domain size in column direction of approximately 4 nm.

The use of dispersion-corrected DFT calculations to prevent an incorrect structure determination from powder data: the case of acetolone, C11H11N3O3

Abstract The crystal structure of acetolone (5-(acetoacetylamino)benzimidazolone, C11H11N3O3), was determined from X-ray powder data. Despite strong preferred orientation effects, the structure could be solved with real-space methods and refined by the Rietveld method using restraints. The resulting structure gave a good Rietveld fit with reasonable confidence values; the structure looked chemically sensible and passed all tests including a CSD check and the checkCIF procedure. But dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that this structure was actually wrong, and further work showed that the terminal acetyl group had to be rotated by 180°. The correct crystal structure led to a better Rietveld refinement with improved R-values. This structure was confirmed by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations. The compound crystallises in P-1 with two molecules per unit cell. The molecules are connected by a 2-dimensional hydrogen bond network.

Predicted crystal structures of tetramethylsilane and tetramethylgermane and an experimental low-temperature structure of tetramethylsilane

No crystal structure at ambient pressure is known for tetramethylsilane, Si(CH(3))(4), which is used as a standard in NMR spectroscopy. Possible crystal structures were predicted by global lattice-energy minimizations using force-field methods. The lowest-energy structure corresponds to the high-pressure room-temperature phase (Pa3, Z = 8). Low-temperature crystallization at 100 K resulted in a single crystal, and its crystal structure has been determined. The structure corresponds to the predicted structure with the second lowest energy rank. In X-ray powder analyses this is the only observed phase between 80 and 159 K. For tetramethylgermane, Ge(CH(3))(4), no experimental crystal structure is known. Global lattice-energy minimizations resulted in 47 possible crystal structures within an energy range of 5 kJ mol(-1). The lowest-energy structure was found in Pa3, Z = 8.

On the correlation between hydrogen bonding and melting points in the inositols.

13 new phases of the inositols, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxycyclohexane, were found. Crystal structure determinations and thermal analyses reveal a very complex picture of phases, rotator phases and phase transitions.

catena-Poly[[dipyridine­nickel(II)]-trans-di-μ-chlorido] from powder data

The asymetric unit of the title compound, [NiCl2(C5H5N)2]n, contains two NiII ions located on different twofold rotational axes, two chloride anions and two pyridine rings in general positions. Each NiII ion is coordinated by two pyridine rings, which form dihedral angles of 33.0 (2) and 11.0 (2)° for the two centers, and four chloride anions in a distorted octahedral geometry. The chloride anions bridge NiII ions related by translation along the short b axes into two crystallographically independent polymeric chains.

Ezetimibe anhydrate, determined from laboratory powder diffraction data.

Ezetimibe {systematic name: (3R,4S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one}, C(24)H(21)F(2)NO(3), is used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol resorption in the human intestine. The crystal structure of ezetimibe anhydrate was solved from laboratory powder diffraction data by means of real-space methods using the program DASH [David et al. (2006). J. Appl. Cryst. 39, 910-915]. Subsequent Rietveld refinement with TOPAS Academic [Coelho (2007). TOPAS Academic User Manual. Version 4.1. Coelho Software, Brisbane, Australia] led to a final R(wp) value of 8.19% at 1.75 A resolution. The compound crystallizes in the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The molecules are closely packed and two intermolecular hydrogen bonds form an extended hydrogen-bond architecture.