Edna Regina Netto-Oliveira

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents: a systematic review.

The present study aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in adolescents (10-19 years old). The search was conducted in online databases (MEDLINE and SciELO), references from retrieved articles, and contacts with authors. Only original articles using either the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) or the National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) were considered. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies were undertaken in low to medium-income countries, but none of them in Brazil. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in studies using the NCEP-ATP III criteria ranged from 4.2% to 15.4%. Prevalence in studies using the WHO criteria was slightly higher: 4.5% to 38.7%. High triglyceride level was the most frequent component of the metabolic syndrome, with prevalence ranging from 4.9% to 75.0%, while high blood glucose showed the lowest prevalence. In conclusion, although there are few available studies, metabolic syndrome in adolescents is a highly prevalent health issue. The exact prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents is unknown.

Elevated Blood Pressure and Obesity in Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of 4,609 Schoolchildren

Background: The incidence of obesity in children is increasing worldwide, primarily in urbanized, high-income countries, and hypertension development is a detrimental effect of this phenomenon. Objective: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of excess weight and its association with high blood pressure (BP) in schoolchildren. Methods: Here 4,609 male and female children, aged 6 to 11 years, from 24 public and private schools in Maringa, Brazil, were evaluated. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) according to cutoff points adjusted for sex and age. Blood pressure (BP) levels above 90th percentile for gender, age and height percentile were considered elevated. Results: The prevalence of excess weight among the schoolchildren was 24.5%; 16.9% were overweight, and 7.6% were obese. Sex and socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with elevated BP. In all age groups, systolic and diastolic BP correlated with BMI and waist and hip measurements, but not with waist-hip ratio. The prevalence of elevated BP was 11.2% in eutrophic children, 20.6% in overweight children [odds ratio (OR), 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.45], and 39.7% in obese children (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 4.23-6.89). Conclusion: Obese and overweight children had a higher prevalence of elevated BP than normal-weight children. Our data confirm that the growing worldwide epidemic of excess weight and elevated BP in schoolchildren may also be ongoing in Brazil.

Prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e nível econômico de escolares

Objetivo: Associar o estado nutricional com sexo, grupo etario e nivel economico de escolares do ensino fundamental por meio de um estudo transversal nas escolas municipais do municipio de Cruzeiro do Oeste, Parana, Brasil. Metodos: A pesquisa foi realizada em 2010 com 939 alunos com idades entre seis e dez anos. Para tanto, realizou-se a classificacao do nivel economico das familias por meio do questionario de ranking economico (Associacao Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa) e foi calculado o indice de massa corporea. A analise dos dados foi realizada por estatistica descritiva, e a verificacao de diferencas entre grupos independentes pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, bem como possiveis associacoes foram verificadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Para todos os procedimentos adotou-se o nivel de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: A prevalencia de obesidade na amostra estudada foi de 8,0% e de sobrepeso, 16,4%. Nao houve associacao entre nivel economico e estado nutricional, assim como entre estado nutricional e sexo. Conclusoes: A prevalencia de sobrepeso e obesidade foi considerada alta, evidenciando que criancas de ambos os sexos sao afetadas, independentemente de seus niveis economicos e grupo etario.

Estado nutricional de escolares de 6 a 10 anos em Cruzeiro do Oeste-PR - doi:10.5020/18061230.2011.p289

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of schoolchildren. Methods: Data of the crosssectional study were obtained during the development of the “Project Educational Activities Related to School Process” in the city of Cruzeiro do Oeste-PR, Brazil. The study included children of both sexes enrolled in all six schools of the municipal network, in academic year 2010. We conducted anthropometric measurements of 1,074 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years. The variables assessed were weight and height to calculate BMI (Body Mass Index) for classification according to criteria proposed by Cole et al. Results: According to the nutritional status, were found 5.1% (55) of children with low weight and a significant portion of overweight and obesity, 16.6% (178) and 9.8% (105), respectively, totaling 26, 4% (283) of schoolchildren with excess weight. There was no association between nutritional status of scholars and gender. BMI and age showed a direct relationship. Conclusion: The assessment of nutritional status in the schools surveyed points to, the nutritional transition, as a significant portion of the children was considered overweight and obese. It is noteworthy that the distribution between the different nutritional statuses did not differ between the sexes, but correlated with age; with increasing age, overweight also increases.

PREVALÊNCIA DE ALTERAÇÃO DAS MEDIDAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS EM ESCOLARES

O sobrepeso e a obesidade estao entre os principais problemas de saude publica. As medidas de indice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferencia da cintura (CC) tem sido ferramentas importantes para detectar o sobrepeso e obesidade. A medida da CC em criancas, alem de apresentar relacao com adiposidade da regiao central do corpo, apresenta associacao com fatores de risco para Doencas Cardiovasculares (DCV). O objetivo do presente estudo foi associar as alteracoes antropometricas de IMC e CC e comparar as variaveis de acordo com os grupos etarios em escolares de seis a dez anos de idade. O diagnostico consistiu em avaliacao antropometrica de 1074 escolares de 6 escolas de Cruzeiro do Oeste, PR. As medidas antropometricas utilizadas neste estudo foram: Peso, Estatura e Circunferencia da Cintura. Apresentaram excesso de peso 26,4%, destas 9,8% sao obesas. Entre as meninas 33,3%, apresentaram CC alterada e entre os meninos 27,9%, sem diferenca significativa entre os generos sexuais.