Edson Gonçalves de Oliveira

Efeitos da energia da dieta sobre desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e gordura abdominal de frangos de corte

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy level on performance, carcass yield and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. Two thousand and four hundred day-old Ross 308 chicks were raised until 42 days of age in floor pens. The experimental design was a completly randomized in a 6 x 2 factorial design (energy x sex). The treatment was consisted of combinated levels of energy: 2900, 2960, 3020, 3080, 3140 and 3200 kcal/kg ME and sex, with four replicates of 50 birds. From 1 to 42 days of age, feed consumption and feed conversion decreased as energy level increased. Males presented the best performance results than females, except for mortality. There was a linear effect of energy level on percentage abdominal fat and wings, but there was no effect on carcass yield and on all other parts of carcass. Males presented higher total legs and leg meat percentages and lower breast meat and abdominal fat than females.

Efeito da linhagem e do nível de lisina da dieta sobre a qualidade da carne do peito de frangos de corte

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of broiler strain and dietary lysine level on breast meat yield and quality. Two thousand two hundred and fifty day old straightrun chicks from commercial strains named A, B and C were reared in a factorial 3x3 arrangement (strain and dietary lysine level) with five replicates of 50 birds per pen. The broiler chikens were feed ad libitun with a corn and soybean diet withing the following lysine levels: 1.18, 1.24 and 1.30% in pre-starter diets (1-7 days); 1.10, 1.16 and 1.22% in starter diets (7-21 days); 1.00, 1.06 and 1.12 % in grower diets (21-35 days) and .85, .91 and .97% in finishing diets (35-42 days). Total breast yield, breast meat yield, pH, breast measures (high, width and lenght), weight cooking loss, and breast meat shear force were evaluated. There were no effect of strain and diet on breast yield. Related to breast meat yield, strain A presented higher values than strain B. Strain C presented the highest breast lenght. There were effects of lysine level only for pH. pH was affected by strain and dietary lisine level. It was concluded that lysine level affected only pH value. Strain affected breast meat yield, lenght and pH, where strain A showed the highest values for yield and pH and strain C for breast lenght.

Aplicação do método Bayesiano na estimação de correlações genéticas e fenotípicas de peso em codornas de corte em várias idades

The objectives of this study were to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth traits of meat quails. A total of 1022 birds were housed, identified and individually weighted at 7 days (PES7); 14 days (PES14); 28 days (PES28) and at 42 days (PES42). Covariance components and genetic parameters were estimated by Bayesian procedures using Gibbs sampling with MTGSAM software. Genetic correlations between PES7 and PES14, PES28, and PES42 were respectively 0.73, 0.52 and 0.55 and between PES14 and PES28 and PES42 were respectively 0.73 and 0.56. Genetic correlation of 0.81 between PES28 and PES42 days indicates the possibility to increase weight at 42 days by selecting for weight at 28 days of age. Estimates of phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.57 to 0.85 and were larger than the genetic ones suggesting small magnitude of positive environmental correlation estimates. The smallest credibility intervals were observed for genetic correlations between PES28 and PES42 and between PES14 and PES28.

Efeito de Dois Níveis de Lisina e do Sexo sobre o Rendimento e Qualidade da Carne de Peito de Frangos de Corte

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine levels and sex on breast yield and breast meat quality. Two thousand Ross day-old chicks were reared in a 2x2 randomized factorial design (two sex and two dietary lysine levels). Birds fed starter diets (1 - 21 days), growing (22 - 42 days) and finishing (42 - 49 days) with 100% of NRC (1994) lysine requirement, or 110% in the starter and growing and 120% in the finishing diets. Recommended lysine levels were 1.10, 1.00 and .85%, while high lysine levels were 1.21, 1.10 and 1.02%, respectively, for starter, growing and finishing diets. Broilers were slaughtered at 28, 35, 42 and 49 days of age for breast meat evaluation. Dietary lysine level did not affect breast meat pH, chemical composition, cooking loss and tenderness. Breast height, width and length were lower, at all ages, when broilers fed diets with high lysine levels. It was concluded that recommended NRC (1994) lysine levels are adequate to maximize breast meat yield and quality.

Perfil hematológico de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) sob estresse térmico

In quail raising the limits of climatic variables such as temperature and relative humidity, affect the performance and welfare of these birds. The thermal comfort temperature for quails is between 18 and 22oC and the discomfort can cause stress by changing circulating heterophils and lymphocytes and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. The objective of this study was to establish the stress levels in quails during the production cycles with different temperatures through changes in WBC and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. This study was conducted in four production cycles of 200 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), during 22 days each one (referred as C1, C2, C3 and C4). Average temperatures were: 22.4°C (C1), 25.5°C (C2), 23.3°C (C3) and 21.5°C (C4). We collected blood samples from 80 quails in each cycle for determination of haematological parameters and values of the heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/ L). The heterophil / lymphocyte ratio average was 1.695 for C1, 2.424 for C2, 1.8 for C3 and 1.29 for C4. Comparing this average among the four cycles is noted that the p value was less than 0.0001, except between the first and third periods, in which the p value was not significant. The heterophilia and lymphopenia verified and the increase in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in the cycle, coinciding with rising temperatures, beyond the limit of thermal comfort for these birds mainly in C2, is evidence that these birds were in heat stress and that the quails are highly susceptible birds to climate variations.

Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo diformiato de potássio

The use of prohibited antibiotics as growth promoters additives caused great impacts on poultry, bringing the need for the development of new additives. The diformiate potassium (DK), a salt of formic acid, is emerging as one of those alternatives. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the action of DK on the performance of broilers. One thousand and eight hundred broilers male of Ross 308 breed, distributed into two trials of 900 birds each, and then randomly separated by five treatments with six replications, in a completely randomized experimental design, The treatments consisted by inclusion of increasing levels of DK to the diets (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12kg DK t-1). In the first trial carried out, the birds were fed with diets containing DK during the period 1 to 42 days. In the second trial, DK received only in the period from 21 to 42 days old. In both, the birds were weighed to housing, at 21 and 42 days and then the data were subjected to a linear regression analysis. In the first experiment, there was no improvement in the performance of birds, and there was a reduction in feed intake. Similarly, in the second trial, the addition of DK reduced linearly the feed intake and weight gain, however, any effect on feed conversion in poultry. It was concluded that high dosis of DK cause acid-base imbalance of diets, with negative effects on the birds performance.

Comparison of different methods of measuring albumin concentration in ring-necked pheasants

The purpose of this study was to compare albumin concentrations in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) using two different dye-binding methods: the bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP). High positive correlation was observed for albumin in BCG and BCP methods. Compared to BCP, the BCG-binding method yielded significantly higher (p < 0.0001) albumin values for adult female ring-necked pheasants.