Edson Serván-Mori

Migrants suffering violence while in transit through Mexico: factors associated with the decision to continue or turn back.

To identify and analyze the factors associated with the decision of migrants suffering violence while in transit through Mexico, to continue on their trip or turn back. Cross-sectional study combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Socio-demographic and health characteristics, as well as types of violence and factors associated with the decision to continue on the trip, were explored for 862 migrants. 35 migrants were interviewed to explore their perceptions of migration, socioeconomic and political situations in their countries of origin, risks, violence experienced, and the decision to continue on their trip. Of the 862 migrants, 21.1xa0% experienced violence during their transit through Mexico towards the USA. Of these, 88.5xa0% decided to continue on their journey. This decision was positively associated with age (ORxa0=xa01.075, pxa0<xa00.05), number of children (ORxa0=xa03.161, pxa0<xa00.10), homicide rate in the country of origin (ORxa0=xa01.043, pxa0<xa00.10) and proximity to the northern border. No differences were observed by sex, schooling, days in transit and the presence of health problems. The decision to continue the journey to the United States was related to structural factors in the countries of origin, rather than risks in transit. It is necessary to implement mechanisms to promote and protect the human rights of migrants during their whole journey (origin, transit and destination).

The Maximum Willingness to Pay for Smoking Cessation Method among Adult Smokers in Mexico

OBJECTIVESnTo estimate the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for an effective smoking cessation treatment among smokers in Mexico and to identify the environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic factors associated with the WTP.nnnMETHODSnA cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample contained 777 smokers (willingness to quit using a WTP of >0) who had responded to the 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in Mexico. Statistical associations and descriptive analyses were conducted to describe smokers and their WTP by using tobacco-related environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic variables.nnnRESULTSnOverall, 74.4% of the smokers were men and 51.4% were daily smokers. On average, the smokers had been consuming tobacco for more than 15 years, 58.6% had made cessation attempts in the past, and around 10.0% knew about the existence of centers to aid in smoking cessation. The average WTP for an effective cessation method was US

Intervenciones para dejar de fumar en México: análisis de disponibilidad a pagar por un método efectivo de cesación

191. Among men, the WTP was US

International financial cooperation in the fight against AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean

152 lower than among women. In all the estimated models, the higher an individuals education and socioeconomic level, the higher his or her WTP.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThis study suggests that Mexican smokers interested in quitting smoking attribute a high monetary value to an effective cessation method. Male smokers demonstrated less altruistic behavior than did female smokers. Mexico requires the implementation of more policies designed to support smoking cessation and to limit tobacco addiction. Expanding the availability of cessation programs and access to pharmacological treatments may contribute to reaching universal coverage by integrating new pharmacological alternatives into the health sectors medicine formulary.

Hepatitis C antibody prevalence among Mexico City prisoners injecting legal and illegal substances

OBJECTIVEnTo identify environmental, demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with the desire to quit, estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for smoking cessation treatments (SCT) and to identify associated factors with this valuation.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnUsing the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Mexico 2009, we characterized 1 626 smokers. Logistic and multiple lineal regression models allowed to identify associated factors with the desire to quit and the WTP for SCT.nnnRESULTSn82.2 % of the current smokers who did not want to quit were men. Between those who wanted to quit, 49.8 % had been consuming tobacco every day, for more than 16 years, 57 % had made cessation attempts in the past, and around 10% knew about the existence of centers to help quit smoking. Average WTP was 2 708 Mexican pesos (MXP), with differences by educational and socioeconomic levels.nnnCONCLUSIONSnThis evidence supports policymakers in the design of smoking cessation interventions improving national health system interventions for quit smoking.Objective. To identify environmental, demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with the desire to quit, estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for smoking cessation treatments (SCT) and to identify associated factors with this valuation. Materials and methods. Using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Mexico 2009, we characterized 1 626 smokers. Logistic and multiple lineal regression models allowed to identify associated factors with the desire to quit and the WTP for SCT. Results. 82.2 % of the current smokers who did not want to quit were men. Between those who wanted to quit, 49.8 % had been consuming tobacco every day, for more than 16 years, 57 % had made cessation attempts in the past, and around 10% knew about the existence of centers to help quit smoking. Average WTP was 2 708 Mexican pesos (MXP), with differences by educational and socioeconomic levels. Conclusions. This evidence supports policymakers in the design of smoking cessation interventions improving national health system interventions for quit smoking.

La cooperación financiera internacional para la lucha contra el SIDA en América Latina y el Caribe

This study analyzed the financial contribution by the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria and its relationship to eligibility criteria for funding in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2002-2010. Descriptive analysis (linear regression) was conducted for the Global Fund financial contributions according to eligibility criteria (income level, burden of disease, governmental co-investment). Financial contributions totaled US

A cooperação financeira internacional para a luta contra a AIDS na América Latina e no Caribe

705 million. Lower-income countries received higher shares; there was no relationship between Global Fund contributions and burden of disease. The Global Funds international financing complements governmental expenditure, with equity policies for financial allocation.El objetivo fue analizar la contribucion financiera del Fondo Mundial para la Lucha contra el SIDA, y su relacion con los criterios de elegibilidad para asignar fondos en America Latina y el Caribe, 2002-2010. Analisis descriptivo (regresion lineal) de aportes financieros del Fondo Mundial, segun criterios de elegibilidad: nivel de ingreso, carga de la enfermedad, coinversion gubernamental de los paises. Las aportaciones financieras correspondieron a US

Movilidad poblacional y VIH/sida en Centroamérica y México

705 millones. Paises con menor nivel de ingresos recibieron mayores aportaciones; no hay relacion con la carga de la enfermedad. La cooperacion financiera internacional realiza aportaciones complementarias al gasto gubernamental, con politicas de equidad en la asignacion financiera.

Factores asociados con la utilización y el gasto en medicamentos en México

BACKGROUNDnHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among prisoners and this prevalence estimates reach 64% among prisoners who inject illicit drugs. Prisons are important sites for HCV transmission in the absence of access to sterile injecting equipment; hence, it can be transmitted between prisoners who share contaminated needles and syringes. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for anti-HCV prevalence, with particular interest on injecting behavior, and to assess correlates of anti-HCV positivity among Mexico City prisoners.nnnMETHODSnCross-sectional study based on information -collected in three male and two female prisons in Mexico City during 2010-2011- about sexually transmitted infections, socio-demographics, criminal history, substance use, vitamin injection, tattooing, among others (n=3,910). Weighted multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were estimated to assess the overall and differential odds for anti-HCV due to injecting behavior.nnnRESULTSnOverall prevalence of anti-HCV was 3.3%. This figure rose to 43.1% among prisoners with a history of illicit drug injection. Prisoners with history of vitamin injection showed a similar prevalence of anti-HCV (43.8%). After stratifying by substance injected, the adjusted odds ratio was 9.8 (95% CI: 4.0, 23.8) for illicit drug injection and 11.9 (95% CI: 5.8, 23.8) for illicit drug and vitamin injection.nnnCONCLUSIONnBased on data from the most populous prisons in Mexico City, this study showed that anti-HCV is highly prevalent among prisoners with history of injecting behavior. In this sense, injecting behavior per-se, independent of the substance used, is associated with increased odds of anti-HCV positivity.

Sexually transmitted infections: Profile of care in border areas of Central America (2007-2010)

This study analyzed the financial contribution by the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria and its relationship to eligibility criteria for funding in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2002-2010. Descriptive analysis (linear regression) was conducted for the Global Fund financial contributions according to eligibility criteria (income level, burden of disease, governmental co-investment). Financial contributions totaled US