Eduardo Apolinaire

Pre-Hispanic settlements in hydrometeorologically susceptible areas during the late Holocene: The Upper Delta of the Paraná River Case

In this paper, we present the results of the geoarchaeological studies carried out in two archaeological localities of the Upper Delta of the Paraná River (Argentina). The main objective of these studies is to depict the pre-Hispanic strategies involved in the colonization and settlement of southern South America wetlands. Paraná Delta is one of the most conspicuous areas of these lowlands and comprises a large wetland macrosystem. Its current geomorphological configuration was established after the last transgressive mid-Holocene event c. 6000 14C yr BP. In this environment, a high ecological heterogeneity, with diverse and abundant tropical and temperate biota, was developed. These features were important factors to the human colonization and utilization of these wetlands. However, this environment has the highest hydrometeorological susceptibility of La Plata basin. This susceptibility had an impact on settlement systems and resource exploitation strategies established in the area since at least 2000 14C yr BP. These strategies involved at least two settlement types: semi-permanent residential camps and transitory camps oriented to exploit particular resources. The semi-permanent settlements were located in anthropogenic elevated mounds, locally known as ‘cerritos’, and were not subjected to seasonal inundations. Conversely, the transitory camps are found in levees exposed to recurrent flooding.

Estudios arqueofaunísticos en un contexto estratigráfico de las llanuras interiores de Entre Ríos: el sitio Laguna del Negro 1 (departamento Gualeguay, Argentina)

The virtual absence of zooarchaeological data from the extensive inland plains of Entre Rios, northeastern Argentina, can be explained by the scarcity of archaeological investigations and the lack of stratigraphic contexts available for study. Recently, the detection and excavation of Laguna del Negro 1, a late Holocene site with evidence of multiple activities, allowed us to study a stratigraphic sample of bone and malacological specimens. Here we present the taxonomic, anatomic and taphonomic analysis of Laguna del Negro 1 zooarchaeological assemblage. Our goals are to estimate the diversity of faunal resources exploited, to explore processing practices and to evaluate the taphonomic processes involved in the formation of the bone assemblage. We propose that medium sized cervids were the main resources consumed at the site. Nevertheless, a great diversity of species that include rodents (cuis, coipo and capybara), armadillos, carnivores, lizards, rheids, fishes and mollusks, were also exploited. The integration of these data with information available at microregional level allowed us to present a model for faunal resource exploitation in which taxa from diverse microenvironments of the alluvial plains and the high plains were used.