Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna

Fibra bruta e óleo em dietas práticas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different crude fiber and soybean oil levels in diets for Tilapia Nile. Twenty-four circular fishbowls of 250 liters, with an individual system of water replenishment and heating, were used. The stocking rate was of seven fishes/fishbowl, totalizing 168 fishes, with average initial weight of 6.41±0.05 g. Weight gain, apparent feed:gain ratio, specific growing rate and protein efficiency rate were evaluated. The chemical composition and carcass yield, eviscerated carcass and hepatossomatic index were also studied. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, being three crude fiber levels (6.00, 9.00%, and 12.00%), and two soybean oil levels (0.0 and 10.0%), with four replicates. It was verified that it is possible to use, in the diet, levels up to 12.00% of crude fiber and its excess tends to decrease the weight gain and the protein efficiency rate, besides worsening the feed:gain ratio; the fiber significantly affect the dietary apparent digestibility, with positive and negative effect on the protein and dry matter digestibility, respectively, and without effect on the ether extract digestibility; the crude fiber did not significantly affect the carcass yield and the eviscerated fat deposition. However, the oil addition to the diet showed significant effect on the eviscerated fat deposition; the fiber resulted in significant effect on the carcass chemical composition of the carcass (water and protein contents), without effect on the fat composition; and the fat addition to the diet significantly decreased and increased, respectively, the carcass protein and ether extract contents. It was concluded that, in the growing phase (from 6.40 to 31.00 g), the dietary crude fiber levels up to 9.00% can be fed for Nile tilapia and the supplementation of high dietary lipid levels decrease the carcass composition and result in higher eviscerated fat deposition.

Níveis de fósforo total em dietas para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo

Four hundred and thirty-two Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings averaging initial weight of 0.60 ± 0.02 g were allotted to thirty-six 150 L-aquaria to determine total phosphorus requirement. The experiment was analyzed as a completely randomized design, with six treatments (0.55, 0.73, 0.94, 1.14, 1.37, and 1.59% of total phosphorus), six replicates and 12 fishes per experimental unit. The fishes were fed diets with 32% of CP and 3,000 kcal of DE/kg, during 40 days. Quadratic effect was observed for feed/gain ratio and protein efficiency rate and the best results were estimated with 1.10% of total phosphorus, for both variables. Linear effect of the dietary phosphorus levels on P retention efficiency rate and P efficiency rate was noticed. No treatment effect on the other variables was observed. The dietary total phosphorus requirement for Nile tilapia corresponds to 1.10%.

Digestibilidade aparente e trânsito gastrintestinal em tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), em função da fibra bruta da dieta

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in purified diets, the effects of different levels of crude fiber on the apparent digestibility and gastrointestinal transit rate in Nile Tilapia. Five circular fishbowls (250 L) with a closed system of water filtering, replenishment and heat for feeding and five digestibility fishbowls with individual filtering replenishment and heat system were used. Thirty-two fishes, averaging initial weight of 30.65 ± 0.50 were used. A completely randomized design with five levels of crude fiber (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and five replicates was used. It was concluded that increasing levels of crude fiber in purified diets significantly affect the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. Levels up to 5.0% crude fiber did not reduce the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein and levels up to 7.5% crude fiber did not reduce the apparent digestibility of ether extract of purified diet in Nile tilapia. However, the increase of dietary crude protein significantly reduce the gastrointestinal transit rate.

Digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes do farelo de canola pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was carried out to determine the digestible energy and apparent nutrient digestibility of canola meal for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The chromic oxide (0.1%) was used as an inert indicador in the semi-purified diet and faeces were collected by Guelph system. Fish were fed to apparent satiation. The apparent nutrient and energy digestibility of canola meal were: 77.84, 71.99, 86.92, 88.19, 67.16, and 29.86% for dry matter, energy, protein, lipids, calcium and phosphorus, respectively, corresponding to 2969,98 (kcal/kg); 69.97, 32.6, 1.2, 0.41, and 0.28% of, digestible energy, dry matter, protein and lipids and available calcium and phosphorus, respectively. The results obtained in this experiment evidence that Nile tilapia may be able to utilize canola meal eficiently.

Efeito da redução da densidade energética de dietas sobre as características do ovo de codorna japonesa

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduction of energetic density of the diet on the quality of Japanese quail eggs, keeping the same metabolizable energy (ME):nutrients relationship. It was used 400 Japanese quails from 76 to 160 days of age, distributed in a complete random design, with five treatments, 10 replicates and 8 birds per experimental unity. It was used five diets with different energetic densities (2,900; 2,800; 2,700; 2,600; and 2,500 kcal ME/kg), keeping constant the relationship between metabolizable energy and nutrients of the diet, which had 2,900 kcal ME/kg. Diet was fed ad libitum during all the experimental period. There was a significant difference only on the ration intake and on the egg specific weight. It was not observed significant difference among diets for the following parameters: metabolizable energy intake, crude protein and amino acids, egg weight, egg mass, yolk weight, yolk percentage, albumen height, albumen percentage, shell weight, shell percentage, egg diameters and egg height. Diets with 2,800 and 2,900 kcal ME/kg, by keeping constant metabolizable energy:nutrients ratio, provide the same egg quality.

Effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) in pellet diets for Nile tilapia

The effects of enzyme complex SSF (solid state fermentation) on growth performance and the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme of Nile were involved. The study included 360 fish (70g±4.43) in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of SSF) arranged in six replicates, with 10 fish per replicate. Every 15 days, one tilapia of each experimental unit was sacrificed for analyses of carbohydrate in the chyme. On day 60 of the experiment, the performance parameters were measured. There was a linear effect according to treatment for final weight and weight gain. For the other performance parameters, there were no differences. There was quadratic effect for sucrose and glucose in function of the treatment, whereas the fructose levels increased linearly. The addition of 150 ppm of the enzyme complex SSF in the feed improves the performance of Nile tilapia and increases the availability of sucrose and monosaccharides in the chyme.

Níveis de lisina digestível em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo

The effect of digestible lysine levels was evaluated in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus), Thailand lineage, based on the ideal protein concept. Four hundred and thirty two Nile tilapia fingerlings with an initial body weight of 0.98 ± 0.03 g were allotted in a randomized complete design, with six treatments, six replications per treatment and twelve fish per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six isoenergetic (3.000 kcal of DE/kg feed) and isoproteic (39.14% CP) diets with different levels of digestible lysine (1.50, 1.66, 1.82, 1.98, 2.14 and 2.30%). Feed intake, digestible lysine intake, average weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion, daily protein deposition rate, daily fat deposition rate, chemical body composition (moisture, protein and fat content) and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated. The different levels of lysine improved linearly the parameters of digestible lysine intake, feed conversion, body protein content and body protein deposition. The Linear Response Plateau model best fitted the parameters of feed consumption, average weight gain, specific growth rate and nitrogen retention efficiency, estimating at 2.06%, 2.17, 2.14 and 2.12% respectively, the level of digestible lysine to maximize each of the parameters. The digestible and total digestible lysine requirement for Nile tilapia fingerlings was 2.17% (0.723%/Mcal of DE) and 2.32% (0.773%/Mcal of DE), respectively, to meet the main performance parameters and carcass traits, when the ideal protein concept was used in diet formulation.

Crude protein reduction and digestible methionine+cystine and threonine to digestible lysine ratios in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings

Objetivou-se avaliar a reducao do nivel de proteina bruta e as relacoes dos aminoacidos metionina+cistina e treonina digestiveis com a lisina digestivel em dietas para alevinos revertidos de tilapia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), da linhagem tailandesa. Um experimento com duracao de 37 dias foi realizado utilizando-se 420 alevinos com peso inicial de 1,83 ± 0,02 g, distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, composto de 5 dietas, 7 repeticoes e 12 peixes por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados dois niveis de PB (32 e 28%) em diversas dietas experimentais. Na dieta com 32% de PB, foram mantidas as relacoes de metionina+cistina e treonina com lisina de 63 e 74%, respectivamente; nas tres dietas com 28% de PB, as relacoes de metionina+cistina e treonina com lisina foram de 63 e 74%, 60 e 74% e 60 e 69%, respectivamente; e, na dieta com 28% de PB, as relacoes de metionina+cistina e treonina com lisina foram de 63 e 74%, respectivamente, porem com acrescimo de 0,3% de acido glutâmico. Os peixes foram mantidos em 35 aquarios de 130 litros, com abastecimento de agua, aeracao individual e alimentacao a vontade em seis refeicoes diarias. Os peixes mantidos com a dieta com 32% de PB apresentaram menores eficiencias de retencao de proteina e de nitrogenio. O nivel de PB de racoes para alevinos de tilapia-do-nilo deve ser de 28,0% e as relacoes de metionina+cistina digestivel e treonina digestivel com a lisina, de 60 e 69%, respectivamente.

Influence of supplying bullfrog tadpoles with feed containing 28% crude protein on performance and enzymatic activities

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influencia da alimentacao de girinos de ra-touro com racao comercial contendo 28% de proteina bruta (PB) no desempenho e nas atividades de enzimas digestivas desses animais. Utilizaram-se 120 girinos no estagio 25 de Gosner com 0,046 g e 6,22 mm, respectivamente, mantidos em quatro caixas contendo 30 L de agua, na densidade de 1 girino/L. O experimento teve duracao de 60 dias e quinzenalmente foram avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas de desempenho: taxa de sobrevivencia, comprimento, peso final, ganho de peso, consumo de racao, conversao alimentar aparente, taxa de crescimento especifico e as atividades no quimo das enzimas amilase, lipase e tripsina. A alimentacao teve efeito quadratico sobre o comprimento e o peso final. O crescimento dos girinos foi maior do 15o ao 45o dia (19,82 mm). No 15o dia, os girinos apresentaram a maior taxa de crescimento especifico (16,93%/dia), de modo que o maior ganho de peso (5,460 g), o consumo de racao (14,099 g) e a melhor conversao alimentar aparente (2,46) ocorreram do 45o ao 60o dia. A atividade especifica da amilase foi 205 vezes maior aos 60 dias em comparacao ao inicio do experimento. Os resultados indicam que, para as tres enzimas em estudo, a capacidade de acao sobre o quimo dos girinos aumenta significativamente apos o 3o dia experimental e que a capacidade dos girinos em digerir alimentos a base de carboidratos e superior a de digerir proteinas, fato que se acentua na fase inicial da alimentacao exogena. A racao comercial com 28% de PB proporciona bom desempenho aos girinos de ra-touro, possibilitando a formacao de imagos dentro dos padroes dos ranarios comerciais, um indicativo provisorio para alteracao de manejo visando a reducao de custos operacionais.

Desempenho zootécnico de girinos de rã-touro com diferentes níveis de proteína e energia digestíveis

From the digestibility values of some ingredients, it was proposed diets with different levels of digestible protein and energy, in a 3x3 factorial design for bullfrog tadpoles, aiming at evaluate the zootechnical performance. The experiment was conducted during 60 days with 810 tadpoles from the same spawning distributed into 27 polypropylene boxes at a density of 1 tadpole/L. The experimental design consisted of a factorial arrangement with three levels of digestible protein (27; 31 and 35%) and three levels of digestible energy (2700; 2800 and 2900kcal/kg) with three repetitions. Parameters evaluated at 60 days were weight gain, feed intake, dietary protein intake, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and survival rate. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan test (95% accuracy), and presented no interaction between digestible protein and digestible energy for any parameter evaluated. As for the digestible protein, significant differences were detected in the dietary protein intake, and protein efficiency rate, evidencing inefficiency of diets with high protein values. Bullfrog tadpoles should be given diets with 27% digestible protein by having the best result for the protein efficiency rate and for the dietary protein intake, with the lowest value and similar to other levels among evaluated parameters.