Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita

Efeitos de métodos de estabelecimento de braquiária e estilosantes e de doses de calcário, fósforo e gesso sobre alguns componentes nutricionais da forragem

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar, em dois anos, os efeitos de metodos de estabelecimento (sulcamento: 1,5 e 1,0 m entre linhas em etapa unica; 1,5 e 1,0 m em duas e tres etapas, respectivamente; aracao, gradeacao e sulcos espacados de 1,0 m entre linhas), doses de calcario (25, 50, 75 e 100% da necessidade de calagem-NC, obtida pelo metodo do Al, Ca e Mg trocaveis), gesso agricola (0, 230, 940, 1.880 e 2.820 kg/ha, referentes a substituicao de 0, 3,0, 12,5, 25,0 e 37,5% do CaO do calcario pelo CaO do gesso, na dose de 100% da NC) e P2O5 (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg/ha) nas concentracoes de minerais (P, K, Ca, Mg e S), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e lignina na materia seca e na DIVMS de Brachiaria decumbens consorciada com Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao. Os metodos de estabelecimento em duas e tres etapas propiciaram maiores concentracoes de K na braquiaria e Ca no estilosantes. As maiores concentracoes de PB na braquiaria foram alcancadas com o estabelecimento com aracao e gradeacao do solo. A substituicao do calcario pelo gesso elevou as concentracoes de S, Ca e PB na materia seca da braquiaria e do estilosantes e reduziu as concentracoes de FDN na graminea. As doses de P elevaram as concentracoes de P, PB e a DIVMS e reduziram as concentracoes de FDN na braquiaria, melhorando seu valor nutritivo.

Estabelecimento de pastagem consorciada com aplicação de calcário, fósforo e gesso

At low fetility soil, in degraded natural pasture, a field trial was carried out at the Federal University of Vicosa, located at Vicosa - MG, was established the pasture of Brachiaria decumbens in mixture with Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao to evaluate the effect of limestone doses (1.175, 2.350, 3.525 and 4.700 kg/ha, equivalent 25, 50, 75 and 100% of limestone necessity), gypsum doses (0, 230, 940, 1.880 e 2.820 kg/ha equivalent the substitution of 0, 3,0, 12,5, 25,0 and 37,5% of limestone CaO by gypsum CaO) and P2O5 doses (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) on the pH; availables P, S and K; exchangeables Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, H + Al; sum of bases (SB); effetive CEC (t) and CEC determined in pH 7,0 (T); base saturation (V); aluminum saturation (m) and dry matter production, tillers number and height of brachiaria grass and legume percent. The substitution of the limestone CaO by gypsum CaO increased the percent of stylosanthes, available S and Al3+, in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil layer, and decreased Ca2+ and Mg2+, in 0-15 cm soil layer. The P doses increased the available P (Mehlich 1) in 0-15 cm soil layer, but decreased the legume percent in the pasture.

Produção e composição químico-bromatológica da aveia preta fertilizada com doses crescentes de dejeto líquido suíno

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicacao de doses crescentes de dejeto liquido suino sobre a producao e composicao quimico-bromatologica da parte aerea da aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de plantio direto sob o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes e os tratamentos constituidos pela aplicacao de 0; 10; 20; 30; 40 e 50 m3 ha-1 de dejeto liquido suino. Foram determinados a producao de MS da parte aerea, a relacao folha:colmo e os teores de proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente acido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), materia mineral (MM), materia orgânica (MO), nitrogenio (N), fosforo (P), potassio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn), manganes (Mn) e ferro (Fe). A aplicacao de dejeto liquido suino nao promoveu efeitos significativos sobre a producao de MS e teores de FDN, MM e MO, mas promoveu aumento linear da relacao folha:colmo e do teor de PB e reducao linear no teor de FDA. Quanto aos minerais, as doses de dejeto liquido suino promoveram aumento linear nos teores de N, P, K, Ca e Zn, sem efeitos sobre os demais minerais estudados. A utilizacao de dejeto liquido suino na fertilizacao da cultura da aveia ate a dose de 50 m3 ha-1 nao aumenta a producao de forragem mas eleva o valor nutricional.

Nitrogen levels and sowing methods on forage yield produced after harvesting of millet seed [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg/ha) and sowing methods (broadcast and .40, .80, and 1.20 m between rows) on dry matter yield (DMY), tiller densities and crude protein content, and minerals (P, K, Ca and Mg) of the material of post harvesting of the millet seed. A completely randomized block experimental design with the treatment in a split plot arrangement was used, with the sowing methods on the main plots and N doses on split-plots. The increasing N levels affected the DMY and crude protein yield (CPY), number total of tillers (NTT), and Mg content of the forage dry matter (DM). However, the response changed according to the sowing methods. The highest DMY and NTT were observed in sowing methods with 0.40 m between rows. The highest DMY (8872 kg/ha) was observed with 120 kg N applied, and the highest CPY (668.8 kg/ha), with 180 kg/ha N. In the sowing method with 0.80 m between rows the Mg contents in the millet DM quadraticly increased, while in the sowing methods with 1.20m between rows the concentration of the mineral linearly increased.

Production of alfalfa hay under different drying methods.

This trial aimed at determining the dehydration curve at nine times (0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 46 hours after cuting of the plants); the leaf/stem ratio and number of leaves per stem in alfalfa submitted to four managements during the drying process. It was also evaluated the bromatologic composition and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter and cell wall of alfalfa hay before storage. The drying methods applied for alfalfa were the following: drying in the field until 50% DM and drying conclusion in an airy shed; drying in the field without turning; drying with only one turning and drying with two turnings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four drying methods and five replications. Leaf dehydration was faster when compared to the stems in all drying methods. Drying in the shed promoted the lesser re-hydration of the plants at night due to dew. It was also verified that alfalfa hays that remained under the sun and were turned showed the worst quality with reduction in crude protein contents and increase in NDF, ADF, NDIN and ADIN. However, in vitro dry matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility did not suffer any alteration because of the different dehydration methods (69.79 and 41.39%, respectively). There is a market fall of leaves and a reduction on the number of leaves per stem with the turnings.