Eduardo Manuel Cervelló Gimeno

Relationships among Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate and Flow in Adolescent Athletes: Differences by Gender

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals’ goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived taskinvolving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow.

Percepción de la utilidad e importancia de la educación física según la motivación generada por el docente

El principal objetivo del estudio ha sido comprobar la capacidad de prediccion del clima motivacional trasmitido por el profesor en el aula, los mediadores psicologicos y la motivacion autodeterminada (representada por el indice de autodeterminacion) sobre la importancia y utilidad concedidas por el alumno a la Educacion Fisica, asi como las posibles relaciones que se dan entre dichas variables. Para ello se utilizo una muestra de 819 alumnos (417 chicos y 402 chicas) del municipio de Murcia, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 17 anos, (M = 1,47; DT = .49). Los instrumentos utilizados han sido el cuestionario de la orientacion al aprendizaje y el rendimiento en las clases de Educacion Fisica (LAPOPEQ), la escala de motivacion deportiva (SMS), la escala de mediadores psicologicos y la escala de importancia de la Educacion Fisica (PEI). Se realizo un analisis factorial confirmatorio, analisis de correlacion y analisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados mostraron que el clima �tarea� predecia positivamente los tres mediadores psicologicos y el indice de autodeterminacion (IAD). Ademas, el IAD era tambien predicho positivamente por los mediadores psicologicos. Por el contrario, el clima �ego� predijo negativamente la autonomia, la relacion con los demas y el IAD. La importancia concedida por el alumno a la Educacion Fisica fue predicha positivamente por el IAD. Segun los resultados obtenidos, podemos decir que cuando el alumno concede una mayor importancia a la de Educacion Fisica la consecucion de los diferentes objetivos curriculares es mas facil, lo cual ayuda a la adquisicion de compromisos, propios de la materia, como conocer y valorar los efectos beneficiosos que presenta la practica habitual y sistematica de la actividad fisica a lo largo de la vida. Segun lo anterior, consideramos que las metodologias que promueven un clima que induce a la tarea ayudan a desempenar satisfactoriamente la labor del docente.

EATING DISORDERS AND DIET MANAGEMENT IN CONTACT SPORTS; EAT-26 QUESTIONNAIRE DOES NOT SEEM APPROPRIATE TO EVALUATE EATING DISORDERS IN SPORTS.

INTRODUCTION there is a growing concern in the appearance of eating disorders in athletes, especially those that practice sports grouped into weight categories. This affects the way athletes eat, using frequently unhealthy strategies to control weight, especially during the pre-competition period. AIM this study analyses the prevalence of contact sports athletes in developing eating disorders, and how a controlled diet plan can reduce this risk. At the same time, it evaluates the use of the EAT-26 questionnaire to detect such disorders. METHODS a randomized frequency study was performed on 244 athletes (158 men, 86 women), who were separated into two groups: those that followed a diet plan given by a nutritionist, and a control group on a free diet. The athletes completed an EAT-26 questionnaire while participating in the University-level National Championships. RESULTS the free diet group scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. Also, the female athletes controlled diet group scored significantly higher than their male counterparts. DISCUSSION the results of the questionnaire indicate that an adequate nutritional program circumvents the use of unhealthy habits to control body weight and therefore avoids developing particular eating disorders. EAT-26 questionnaire does not seem the most appropriate tool to detect these disorders.

Precompetitive state anxiety in judo

espanolObjetivos: Entendiendo la ansiedad desde una perspectiva multidimensional, el proposito de este estudio fue comprobar las propiedades psicometricas del cuestionario Competitive State Anxiety nventory-2 (CSAI-2) en judokas espanoles, y examinar las diferencias de ansiedad estado precompetitiva en funcion de su nivel deportivo, edad y genero. Metodo: Participaron en el estudio 128 judokas de nivel amateur y alto rendimiento. Las variables medidas antes de la competicion fueron: intensidad y direccion de la ansiedad somatica, cognitiva y autoconfianza del CSAI-2. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el questionario administrado presento unas propiedades psicometricas aceptables, y que existen diferencias en la direccion de la ansiedad somatica y cognitiva para la edad, asi como en la intensidad de la autoconfianza para el nivel deportivo. Las implicaciones que estos resultados pueden tener en el proceso de entrenamiento y en la competicion se discuten en el documento. EnglishAim: The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) in Spanish judokas, and calculate differences in pre-competitive state anxiety due the sport level, age and gender. We analyze these relationships using a multidimensional anxiety perspective. Method: A sample of 128 judokas from amateur to high performance level participated in our study. The intensity and directional somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self confidence of the CSAI-2 were measured. Results: The results show that the questionnaire administered showed acceptable psychometric properties, and there are differences in directional somatic and cognitive anxiety for age, and in intensity self confidence for sport level. The implications of these findings for the process of training and competition are discussed in the document. portuguesObjectivos: Entendendo a ansiedade numa perspectiva multidimensional, o proposito deste estudo foi comprovar as propriedades psicometricas do questionario Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) nos judocas espanhois e examinar as diferencas de ansiedade estado pre-competitiva em funcao do seu nivel desportivo, idade e genero. Metodo: Participaram neste estudo 128 judocas de nivel amador e de alto rendimento. As variaveis medidas antes da competicao foram: intensidade e direccao somatica, cognitiva e auto-confianca do CSAI-2. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos mostram que o questionario administrado apresentou umas propriedades aceitaveis e que existem diferencas na direccao da ansiedade somatica e cognitiva para a idade, assim como na intensidade da auto-confianca para o nivel desportivo. As implicacoes que estes resultados podem ter no processo de treino e na competicao sao discutidos no documento.

Conceptions of ability and self-determined motivation in young Spanish athletes

This investigation examined the relationship between implicit ability beliefs and self-determined motivation. The sample was comprised of 775 young athletes between the ages of 12 and 17 competing at national level in Spain. The participants completed the Spanish version of the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire (CNAAQ-2) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). The results revealed a positive and significant correlation between stable ability beliefs and learning ability, and between self-determined motivation and perceived sports ability. To the contrary, stable entity beliefs were negatively correlated with self-determined motivation. Competitiveness in sports was significantly predicted by self-determined motivation, and the latter, in its turn, was positively predicted by learning belief and negatively by stable entity beliefs.